الملخص
Aim of study: To Compare the microhardness (HV) between bulk composite and fiber reinforced bulk composite.
Materials and methods: This study included 30 cylindrical samples, were randomly divided into two groups in the following order: Group 1 (n=15): Bulk composite (Tetric® N-Ceram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent, USA), and Group 2 (n=15): Fiber reinforced bulk composite (Polydentia, Switzerland). These samples were restored by means of a dark Teflon mold for the research, which contains in its center a cylindrical cavity of dimensions: 5 mm in diameter and 6 mm in height. The samples were photopolymerized using light-curing unit LED (Light Emitting Diode), an optical intensity of 1200 mw/cm2. The samples were stores at 37° for 24 hours before testing. The microhardness (HV) of the stored samples was tested using microhardness machine (Galileo Durometra, MOD: Isoscan Od). The diamond pyramid head was lowered and pressed on the samples with a force of 50 newton for 15 seconds, then the effect was seen and the maximum diameter was measured under magnification ×40.
Results: The values of microhardness (HV) in the fiber reinforced bulk composite group were higher than in the bulk composite group.
References
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12. Ellyza Herda, Lulu Sharfina, Anggia Nadya Andjani, Mia Damiyanti, Bambang Irawan. (2017). Light-Curing Distance and Resin Thickness Effects on The Short Fiber-Reinforced Resin Composites' Depth of Cure. Int J App Pharm, 9(2): 27.
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17. Fisher J, Varenne B, Narvaez D, Veckers C. (2018).The Minamata Convention and the phase down of dental amalgam. Bull World Health Organ, 96 (6): 436-8.
18. Garcia-Godoy F, Garcia-Godoy A. (2003). Effect of APF minute-foam on the surface roughness, hardness, and micromorphology of high-viscosity glass ionomers. J Dent child (chic), 70(1): 19-23.
19. Garoushi S, Sailynoja E, Vallittu PK, Lassila L. (2013). Physical properties and depth of cure of a new short fiber reinforced composite. Dent Mater, 29: 835-841.
20. Garoushi S, Vallittu PK, Lssila LV. (2007). Short glass fiber reinforced restorative composite resin with semi-inter penetrating polymer network matrix. Dent Mater, 23: 1356-1362.
21. Gul Keskin, Zubeyde Ucar Gundogar, Gun Burak Tek. (2021). Fracture Resistance of teeth Restored with Bulk-Fill and Fiber-Reinforced Composites in Class II Cavities. International Journal of Dental Sciences, 23(2): 115-125.
22. Hazem Abouelleil, Nelly Pradelle, Cyril Villat, Nina Attik, Pierre Colon, Brigitte Grosgogeat. (2015). Comparison of mechanical properties of a new fiber reinforced composite and bulk filling composite. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 40 (4): 262-269.
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24. Ilie N, Bucuta S, Draenert M. (2013). Bulk-fill resin-based composites: an in vitro assessment of their mechanical performance. Oper Dent, 38: 618:625.
25. Jefferson David Melo de Matos, Leonardo Jiro Nomura Nakano, Guilherme da Rocha Scalzer Lopes, Marco Antonio Bottino, John Eversong Lucena de Vasconcelos, Ricardo Huver de Jesus & Lucas Campagnaro Maciel. (2021). Characterization of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites in terms of Physical, Chemical, Mechanical and Optical Properties and Clinical Behavior. Int. J. Odontostomat, 15 (1): 226-233.
26. Karakas, S., Turgut, H., & Kuden, C. (2021). Comparison of Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Reinforced Glass Ionomer Cements and Microhybrid Composite. J Dent Indones, 28(3): 131-138.
27. Karimzadeh A, Ayatollahi MR, Shirazi HA. (2014). Mechanical properties of a dental nano-composite in moist media determined by nano-scale measurement. Int J Mater Mesh Manufact, 2: 67-72.
28. Kawano F, Ohguri T, Ichikawa T, Matsumoto, N. (2001). Influence of thermal cycles in water on flexural strength of laboratory processed composite resin. J Oral Rehabil, 28: 703-744.
29. Leprince JG, Palin WM, Vanacker J, Sabbagh J, Devaux J, Leloup G. (2014). Physico-mechanical characteristicts of commercially available bulk-fill composites. J Dent, 42: 993-1000.
30. Mohamad D, Young RJ, Mann AB, Watts DC. (2007). Post-polymerization of dental resin composite evaluated with nanoindentation and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Archives Orofacial Sci, 2: 26-31.
31. MS Cenci, D Venturini, T Pereira-Cenci, E Piva, FF Demarco. (2008). The Effect of Polishing Techniques and Time on the Surface Characteristics and Sealing Ability of Resin Composite Restorations After One-year Storage. Operative Dentistry, 33-2: 169-176.
32. Nathaniel CL and John OB. (2015). Wear of nanofilled dental composites at varying filler concentrations J. Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 103: 424-9.
33. Nicoleta Ilie, Garry J.P. Fleming. (2015). In vitro comparison of polymerization kinetics and the micro-mechanical properties of low and high viscosity giomers and RBC materials. JDENT, 2458: 1-9.
34. Nina Attik, Hazem Abouelleil. (2022). Comparison of physical and biological properties of a flowable fiber reinforced and bulk filling composites. Dental Materials, 38(2): 19-30.
35. Ozcan Karatas. (2021). Effect of fiber reinforcement on color stability and degree of polymerization of different composite resins. JORR, 13 (1): 25-30.
36. Pereira SMB, Castilho AA, Marocho SMS, Oliveira KMC, Vaquez VZC and Bottino MA. (2007). Thermocycling effect on microhardness of laboratory composite resins. Braz J Oral Sci, 6: 1372-75.
37. Perham Pedram, Shiva Jafarnia, Sima Shahabi, Sogol Saberi, Hamidreza Hajizamani. (2022). Comparative evaluation of fiber-reinforced, bulk-fill and conventional dental composites: Physical characteristics and polymerization properties. Polim Med, 52 (1): 11-16.
38. Raju Raju, Ginu Rajan, Paul Farran & B. Gangadhara Prusty. (2021). Dimensional stability of short fibre reinforced flowable dental composites. Nature portfolio, 11: 4697.
39. Shiva Jafarnia, Alireza Valanezhad, Sima Shahabi, Shigeaki Abe, and Ikuya Watanabe. (2021). Physical and mechanical characteristics of short fiber-reinforced resin composite in comparison with bulk-fill composites. Journal of Oral Science, 20: 1-4.
40. Spajic J, Par M, Milat O, Demoli N, Bjelovucic R, Prskalo K. (2019). Effects of curing modes on the microhardness of resin-modified glass ionomer cements. Acta Stomatologica Croatica, 53(1): 37.
41. Tsujimoto A, Barmeier WW, Takamizawa T, Latta MA, Miyazaki M. (2017). Depth of cure, flexural properties and volumetric shrinkage of low and high viscosity bulk-fill giomers and resin composites. Dent Mater J, 36(2): 205-213.
42. Weam Douidar, Abdallah F. Elsadany, Asmaa M. Abdallah. (2022). Effect of Thermal Aging on Hardness and Modulus of Elasticity of Different Dental Resin Composites: An in Vitro Study. E.D.J., 68(1): 1004-1012.
2. Akimasa Tsujimoto, Wayne W. Barkmeier, Toshiki Takamizawa, Mark A. Latta and Masashi Miyazaki. (2016). Mechanical properties, volumetric shrinkage and depth of cure of short fiber-reinforced resin composite. Dental Materials Journal, 35(3): 418-424.
3. Ala'a Al-Haddad. Characterisation and Performance of Fiber-Reinforced Composite Restorations. (2015). Faculty of Medical and Human Sciences. University of Manchester.
4. Al Sunbul, H., Silikas, N., & Watts, D. (2016). Surface and bulk properties of dental resin-composites after solvent storage. Dental Materials, 32(8): 1-11.
5. Anoop Samuel, Rinsa Raju, and V S Chaitra. (2020). Comparative Evaluation of the Surface Hardness of Different Esthetic Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci, 12 (1): 124- 128.
6. Bashetty K, Joshi S. (2010). The effect of one step and multi-step polishing systems on the surface texture of two different resin composites. J Conserv Dent, 13: 34-8.
7. Bream M, Finger W, Van Doren VE, Lambrechts P, Vanherle G. (1989). Mechanical properties and filler fraction of dental composites. Dent Mater, 5: 346-8.
8. David Starr Alleman, Matthew A. Nejad, Capt. David Scott Alleman. (2017). The Protocols of Biomimetic Restorative Dentistry: 2002 to 2017. Inside Dentistry, 13(6).
9. Dejan Peric, Jovana Ruzic, Steva Levic, Jovana N. Stasic. (2022). Polymer characteristics and mechanical properties of bulk-fill, giomer, fiber-reinforced, and low-shrinkage composites. Srp Arh Celok Lek, 150 (7-8): 414-420.
10. Demarco FF, Correa MB, Cenci MS, Morea RR, Opdam NJ. (2012). Longevity of posterior composite restorations: not only a matter of materials. Dent Mater, 28: 87-101.
11. Dr. Ramciya KV, Dr. Mehanas KK and Dr. Roshni Bhaskaran. (2020). Comparative Evaluation of Marginal Adaptability of Fiber Reinforced Composites and Nanohybrid Composite Resins Using Bulk Fill and Layering Techniques: In-Vitro SEM Analysis. International Journal of Recent Scientific, 11(4): 38122-38129.
12. Ellyza Herda, Lulu Sharfina, Anggia Nadya Andjani, Mia Damiyanti, Bambang Irawan. (2017). Light-Curing Distance and Resin Thickness Effects on The Short Fiber-Reinforced Resin Composites' Depth of Cure. Int J App Pharm, 9(2): 27.
13. El-Safty S, Akhtar R, Silikas N, Watts DC. (2012). Nanomechanical properties of dental resin-compsites. Dent Mater, 28: 1292-1300.
14. Erik Asmussen. (1984). Softening of BISGMA-based polymers by ethanol and by organic acid of plaque. Scand J Dent Res, 92: 257-61.
15. Fan H, Gan X, Liu Y, Xhu Z, Yu H. (2014). The nanomechanical and tribological properties of restorative dental composites after exposure in different types of media. J Nanomaterials, 2014: 759038.
16. Finan L, Palin WM, Moskwa N, McGinley EL, Fleming GJ. (2013). The influence of irradiation potential on the degree of conversion and mechanical properties of two bulk-fill flowable RBC base materials. Dent Mater, 29: 906-912.
17. Fisher J, Varenne B, Narvaez D, Veckers C. (2018).The Minamata Convention and the phase down of dental amalgam. Bull World Health Organ, 96 (6): 436-8.
18. Garcia-Godoy F, Garcia-Godoy A. (2003). Effect of APF minute-foam on the surface roughness, hardness, and micromorphology of high-viscosity glass ionomers. J Dent child (chic), 70(1): 19-23.
19. Garoushi S, Sailynoja E, Vallittu PK, Lassila L. (2013). Physical properties and depth of cure of a new short fiber reinforced composite. Dent Mater, 29: 835-841.
20. Garoushi S, Vallittu PK, Lssila LV. (2007). Short glass fiber reinforced restorative composite resin with semi-inter penetrating polymer network matrix. Dent Mater, 23: 1356-1362.
21. Gul Keskin, Zubeyde Ucar Gundogar, Gun Burak Tek. (2021). Fracture Resistance of teeth Restored with Bulk-Fill and Fiber-Reinforced Composites in Class II Cavities. International Journal of Dental Sciences, 23(2): 115-125.
22. Hazem Abouelleil, Nelly Pradelle, Cyril Villat, Nina Attik, Pierre Colon, Brigitte Grosgogeat. (2015). Comparison of mechanical properties of a new fiber reinforced composite and bulk filling composite. Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics, 40 (4): 262-269.
23. Heintze SD, Zimmerli B. (2011). Relevance of in vitro tests of adhesive and composite dental materials, a review in 3 parts. Part 1: approval requirements and standardized testing of composite materials according to ISO specifications. Schweiz Monatsschr Zahnmed, 121: 804-816.
24. Ilie N, Bucuta S, Draenert M. (2013). Bulk-fill resin-based composites: an in vitro assessment of their mechanical performance. Oper Dent, 38: 618:625.
25. Jefferson David Melo de Matos, Leonardo Jiro Nomura Nakano, Guilherme da Rocha Scalzer Lopes, Marco Antonio Bottino, John Eversong Lucena de Vasconcelos, Ricardo Huver de Jesus & Lucas Campagnaro Maciel. (2021). Characterization of Bulk-Fill Resin Composites in terms of Physical, Chemical, Mechanical and Optical Properties and Clinical Behavior. Int. J. Odontostomat, 15 (1): 226-233.
26. Karakas, S., Turgut, H., & Kuden, C. (2021). Comparison of Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Reinforced Glass Ionomer Cements and Microhybrid Composite. J Dent Indones, 28(3): 131-138.
27. Karimzadeh A, Ayatollahi MR, Shirazi HA. (2014). Mechanical properties of a dental nano-composite in moist media determined by nano-scale measurement. Int J Mater Mesh Manufact, 2: 67-72.
28. Kawano F, Ohguri T, Ichikawa T, Matsumoto, N. (2001). Influence of thermal cycles in water on flexural strength of laboratory processed composite resin. J Oral Rehabil, 28: 703-744.
29. Leprince JG, Palin WM, Vanacker J, Sabbagh J, Devaux J, Leloup G. (2014). Physico-mechanical characteristicts of commercially available bulk-fill composites. J Dent, 42: 993-1000.
30. Mohamad D, Young RJ, Mann AB, Watts DC. (2007). Post-polymerization of dental resin composite evaluated with nanoindentation and micro-Raman spectroscopy. Archives Orofacial Sci, 2: 26-31.
31. MS Cenci, D Venturini, T Pereira-Cenci, E Piva, FF Demarco. (2008). The Effect of Polishing Techniques and Time on the Surface Characteristics and Sealing Ability of Resin Composite Restorations After One-year Storage. Operative Dentistry, 33-2: 169-176.
32. Nathaniel CL and John OB. (2015). Wear of nanofilled dental composites at varying filler concentrations J. Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater, 103: 424-9.
33. Nicoleta Ilie, Garry J.P. Fleming. (2015). In vitro comparison of polymerization kinetics and the micro-mechanical properties of low and high viscosity giomers and RBC materials. JDENT, 2458: 1-9.
34. Nina Attik, Hazem Abouelleil. (2022). Comparison of physical and biological properties of a flowable fiber reinforced and bulk filling composites. Dental Materials, 38(2): 19-30.
35. Ozcan Karatas. (2021). Effect of fiber reinforcement on color stability and degree of polymerization of different composite resins. JORR, 13 (1): 25-30.
36. Pereira SMB, Castilho AA, Marocho SMS, Oliveira KMC, Vaquez VZC and Bottino MA. (2007). Thermocycling effect on microhardness of laboratory composite resins. Braz J Oral Sci, 6: 1372-75.
37. Perham Pedram, Shiva Jafarnia, Sima Shahabi, Sogol Saberi, Hamidreza Hajizamani. (2022). Comparative evaluation of fiber-reinforced, bulk-fill and conventional dental composites: Physical characteristics and polymerization properties. Polim Med, 52 (1): 11-16.
38. Raju Raju, Ginu Rajan, Paul Farran & B. Gangadhara Prusty. (2021). Dimensional stability of short fibre reinforced flowable dental composites. Nature portfolio, 11: 4697.
39. Shiva Jafarnia, Alireza Valanezhad, Sima Shahabi, Shigeaki Abe, and Ikuya Watanabe. (2021). Physical and mechanical characteristics of short fiber-reinforced resin composite in comparison with bulk-fill composites. Journal of Oral Science, 20: 1-4.
40. Spajic J, Par M, Milat O, Demoli N, Bjelovucic R, Prskalo K. (2019). Effects of curing modes on the microhardness of resin-modified glass ionomer cements. Acta Stomatologica Croatica, 53(1): 37.
41. Tsujimoto A, Barmeier WW, Takamizawa T, Latta MA, Miyazaki M. (2017). Depth of cure, flexural properties and volumetric shrinkage of low and high viscosity bulk-fill giomers and resin composites. Dent Mater J, 36(2): 205-213.
42. Weam Douidar, Abdallah F. Elsadany, Asmaa M. Abdallah. (2022). Effect of Thermal Aging on Hardness and Modulus of Elasticity of Different Dental Resin Composites: An in Vitro Study. E.D.J., 68(1): 1004-1012.