Studying the effect of using ketorolac on controlling postoperative pain in dogs
الكلمات المفتاحية:
Pain analgesia - laparotomy - dogs – Ketorolac.
الملخص
The research was conducted on (6) local dogs, aged (2-5) years and weighing (18-29) kg. They were placed in special boxes for dogs and under the same health and nutritional conditions at the College of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Hama.
The six dogs underwent investigative laparotomy under general anesthesia, where xylazine was used in combination with ketamine according to scientific principles.
After completing the laparotomy, clinical indicators (heart rate - respiratory rate - temperature), hematological indicators (red blood cell count, white blood cell count, and platelet count) and behavioral and sensory indicators (pain relief indicators) were recorded (degree of moaning - Degree of fatigue – difficulty of breathing) in all dogs before the surgical procedure (before giving any sedative or general anesthesia) and also after the surgical procedure (after giving ketorolac) (1 hour - 3 hours - 6 hours - 12 hours - 1 day - 2 days – 3( days.
The results showed slight significant differences in clinical and hematological indicators and clear significant differences P<0.05 when using ketorolac doses of 0.5 mg/kg , with an interval of 6 hours between each dose for 3 days. In terms of pain relief after laparotomy.
It is concluded from this research that the use of ketorolac compound in terms of post-operative analgesia in dogs was effective and safe and had no side effects.
References
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2. Beattie, W. S., Warriner, C. B., Etches, R., Badner, N. H., Parsons, D., Buckley, N., Chan, V., & Girard, M. (1997). The addition of continuous intravenous infusion of ketorolac to a patient-controlled analgetic morphine regime reduced postoperative myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing elective total hip or knee arthroplasty. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 84(4), 715-722.
3. Bravo, M. J., Bravo, H., & Daló, N. L. (2008). Flunixin Meglumine Decreases Perioperative Signs of Pain in Bitches Undergoing Ovariohisterectomy. Revista Científica, 18(2), 142-147.
4. Buckley, M. M.-T., & Brogden, R. N. (1990). Ketorolac: a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential. Drugs, 39, 86-109.
5. Crane SW. Perioperative analgesia: A surgeon's perspective. J Am VetMedAssoc 1987; 191: 1254-1257.
6. FIRTH, A; HALDANE, S. Development of scale to evaluate postoperative pain in dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 214:651-659. 1999.
7. Gillis, J. C., & Brogden, R. N. (1997). Ketorolac: a reappraisal of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in pain management. Drugs, 53(1), 139-188.
8. Hamisk. The role of prostaglandins in the control of renal function. Br J Anaesth 1992: 233-235.
9. HOLTON, L.; SCOUT, E.; NOLAN, A;; REID, J.; WELSH, E. Relationship between physiological factors and clinical pain in dogs scored using a numerical rating scale. J. Small Anim. Pract. 39: 469-474. 1998.
10. Hyers, T. M., Tricomi, S. M., & Liao, J.-J. (1992). Inhibition of some human neutrophil functions by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ketorolac tromethamine. Journal of leukocyte biology, 51(5), 490-495.
11. Jett, M.-F., Ramesha, C. S., Brown, C. D., Chiu, S., Emmett, C., Voronin, T., Sun, T., O’Yang, C., Hunter, J. C., & Eglen, R. M. (1999). Characterization of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ketorolac and its enantiomers in the rat. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 288(3), 1288-1297.
12. Johnson JM. The veterinarian's responsibility: Assessing and managing acute pain in dogs and cats. Part II. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1991; 13: 911-916.
13. Kitchen H, Aronson, AL, Bittle JL, et al. Panel report on the colloquim on recognition and alleviation of animal pain and stress. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987; 191: 1186-1191.
14. Litvak, K., & McEvoy, G. (1990). Ketorolac, an injectable nonnarcotic analgesic. Clinical pharmacy, 9(12), 921-935.
15. Mathews KA, Doherty T, Dyson D, Wilcock B. Nephrotoxicity in dogs associated with flunixin meglumine and methoxyflurane anesthesia in dogs. Can Vet J 1990; 30: 766-771.
16. Morton DB, Griffiths PHM. Guidelines on the recognition of pain, distress and discomfort in experimental animals and an hypothesis for assessment. Vet Rec 1985; 116: 431-436.
17. Mroszczak, E. J., Lee, F. W., Combs, D., Sarnquist, F. H., Huang, B., Wu, A., Tokes, L., Maddox, M., & Cho, D. (1987). Ketorolac tromethamine absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and pharmacokinetics in animals and humans. Drug metabolism and disposition, 15(5), 618-626.
18. Ness, T. (1999). Models of visceral nociception. ILAR journal, 40(3), 119-128.
19. O'Hara D, Fragen RJ, Kinzer M, Pemberton D. Ketorolac tromethamine as compared with morphine sulfate for treatment of postoperative pain. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1987; 41: 556-561.
20. Popilskis S, Kohn D, Sanchez J, Gorman P. Epidural vs intramuscular oxymorphone analgesia after thoracotomy in dogs. Vet Surg 1991; 20: 462-467.
21. Potthoff A, Carithers RW. Pain and analgesia in dogs and cats. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1989; 11: 887-897.
22. Ready, L., Brown, C., Stahlgren, L., Egan, K., Ross, B., Wild, L., Moodie, J., Jones, S., Tommeraasen, M., & Trierwieler, M. (1994). Evaluation of intravenous ketorolac administered by bolus or infusion for treatment of postoperative pain. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Anesthesiology, 80(6), 1277-1286.
23. Reid, J., & Nolan, A. (1991). A comparison of the postoperative analgesic and sedative effects of flimixin and pap aver etum in the dog. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 32(12), 603-608.
24. ROMSING, J.; OSTEGAARD, D.; WALKER, S.; VALENTIN, N. Analgesic efficacy and safety of preoperative versus postoperative ketorolac in pediatric tonsillectomy. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 42: 770-775. 1998.
25. Rooks 2nd, W., Maloney, P., Shott, L., Schuler, M., Sevelius, H., Strosberg, A., Tanenbaum, L., Tomolonis, A., Wallach, M., & Waterbury, D. (1985). The analgesic and anti-inflammatory profile of ketorolac and its tromethamine salt. Drugs under experimental and clinical research, 11(8), 479-492.
26. Rooks, W., Tomolonis, A., Maloney, P., Wallach, M., & Schuler, M. (1982). The analgesic and anti-inflammatory profile of (±)-5-benzoyl-1, 2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo [1, 2a] pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid (RS-37619). Agents and actions, 12, 684-690.
27. Sackman J. Pain. Part II: Control of pain in animals. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1991; 13: 181-191.
28. Sanford J. Guidelines for detection and assessment of pain and distress in experimental animals. In: Short CE, Van Poznak A, eds. Animal Pain. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1992: 5 15-524.
29. Villa, R., Ravasio, G., Ferraresi, C., Zonca, A., Carli, S., Borghi, L., & Cagnardi, P. (2015). Pharmacokinetics of intravenous ketorolac in cats undergoing gonadectomy. New Zealand veterinary journal, 63(3), 162-166.
30. Watts, J. A., Gellar, M. A., Stuart, L. K., Obraztsova, M., & Kline, J. A. (2009). Proinflammatory events in right ventricular damage during pulmonary embolism: effects of treatment with ketorolac in rats. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 54(3), 246-252.
31. Wong HY, Carpenter RL, Kopacz DJ, Fragen RJ, Thompson G, Maneakis TJ. A randomized double-blind evaluation of ketorolac tromethamine for post-operative analgesia in ambulatory surgical patients. Anesthesiology 1993; 78: 6-14.
2. Beattie, W. S., Warriner, C. B., Etches, R., Badner, N. H., Parsons, D., Buckley, N., Chan, V., & Girard, M. (1997). The addition of continuous intravenous infusion of ketorolac to a patient-controlled analgetic morphine regime reduced postoperative myocardial ischemia in patients undergoing elective total hip or knee arthroplasty. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 84(4), 715-722.
3. Bravo, M. J., Bravo, H., & Daló, N. L. (2008). Flunixin Meglumine Decreases Perioperative Signs of Pain in Bitches Undergoing Ovariohisterectomy. Revista Científica, 18(2), 142-147.
4. Buckley, M. M.-T., & Brogden, R. N. (1990). Ketorolac: a review of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties, and therapeutic potential. Drugs, 39, 86-109.
5. Crane SW. Perioperative analgesia: A surgeon's perspective. J Am VetMedAssoc 1987; 191: 1254-1257.
6. FIRTH, A; HALDANE, S. Development of scale to evaluate postoperative pain in dogs. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 214:651-659. 1999.
7. Gillis, J. C., & Brogden, R. N. (1997). Ketorolac: a reappraisal of its pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties and therapeutic use in pain management. Drugs, 53(1), 139-188.
8. Hamisk. The role of prostaglandins in the control of renal function. Br J Anaesth 1992: 233-235.
9. HOLTON, L.; SCOUT, E.; NOLAN, A;; REID, J.; WELSH, E. Relationship between physiological factors and clinical pain in dogs scored using a numerical rating scale. J. Small Anim. Pract. 39: 469-474. 1998.
10. Hyers, T. M., Tricomi, S. M., & Liao, J.-J. (1992). Inhibition of some human neutrophil functions by the cyclooxygenase inhibitor ketorolac tromethamine. Journal of leukocyte biology, 51(5), 490-495.
11. Jett, M.-F., Ramesha, C. S., Brown, C. D., Chiu, S., Emmett, C., Voronin, T., Sun, T., O’Yang, C., Hunter, J. C., & Eglen, R. M. (1999). Characterization of the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ketorolac and its enantiomers in the rat. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, 288(3), 1288-1297.
12. Johnson JM. The veterinarian's responsibility: Assessing and managing acute pain in dogs and cats. Part II. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1991; 13: 911-916.
13. Kitchen H, Aronson, AL, Bittle JL, et al. Panel report on the colloquim on recognition and alleviation of animal pain and stress. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1987; 191: 1186-1191.
14. Litvak, K., & McEvoy, G. (1990). Ketorolac, an injectable nonnarcotic analgesic. Clinical pharmacy, 9(12), 921-935.
15. Mathews KA, Doherty T, Dyson D, Wilcock B. Nephrotoxicity in dogs associated with flunixin meglumine and methoxyflurane anesthesia in dogs. Can Vet J 1990; 30: 766-771.
16. Morton DB, Griffiths PHM. Guidelines on the recognition of pain, distress and discomfort in experimental animals and an hypothesis for assessment. Vet Rec 1985; 116: 431-436.
17. Mroszczak, E. J., Lee, F. W., Combs, D., Sarnquist, F. H., Huang, B., Wu, A., Tokes, L., Maddox, M., & Cho, D. (1987). Ketorolac tromethamine absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and pharmacokinetics in animals and humans. Drug metabolism and disposition, 15(5), 618-626.
18. Ness, T. (1999). Models of visceral nociception. ILAR journal, 40(3), 119-128.
19. O'Hara D, Fragen RJ, Kinzer M, Pemberton D. Ketorolac tromethamine as compared with morphine sulfate for treatment of postoperative pain. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1987; 41: 556-561.
20. Popilskis S, Kohn D, Sanchez J, Gorman P. Epidural vs intramuscular oxymorphone analgesia after thoracotomy in dogs. Vet Surg 1991; 20: 462-467.
21. Potthoff A, Carithers RW. Pain and analgesia in dogs and cats. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1989; 11: 887-897.
22. Ready, L., Brown, C., Stahlgren, L., Egan, K., Ross, B., Wild, L., Moodie, J., Jones, S., Tommeraasen, M., & Trierwieler, M. (1994). Evaluation of intravenous ketorolac administered by bolus or infusion for treatment of postoperative pain. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study. Anesthesiology, 80(6), 1277-1286.
23. Reid, J., & Nolan, A. (1991). A comparison of the postoperative analgesic and sedative effects of flimixin and pap aver etum in the dog. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 32(12), 603-608.
24. ROMSING, J.; OSTEGAARD, D.; WALKER, S.; VALENTIN, N. Analgesic efficacy and safety of preoperative versus postoperative ketorolac in pediatric tonsillectomy. Acta Anaesthesiol. Scand. 42: 770-775. 1998.
25. Rooks 2nd, W., Maloney, P., Shott, L., Schuler, M., Sevelius, H., Strosberg, A., Tanenbaum, L., Tomolonis, A., Wallach, M., & Waterbury, D. (1985). The analgesic and anti-inflammatory profile of ketorolac and its tromethamine salt. Drugs under experimental and clinical research, 11(8), 479-492.
26. Rooks, W., Tomolonis, A., Maloney, P., Wallach, M., & Schuler, M. (1982). The analgesic and anti-inflammatory profile of (±)-5-benzoyl-1, 2-dihydro-3H-pyrrolo [1, 2a] pyrrole-1-carboxylic acid (RS-37619). Agents and actions, 12, 684-690.
27. Sackman J. Pain. Part II: Control of pain in animals. Compend Contin Educ Pract Vet 1991; 13: 181-191.
28. Sanford J. Guidelines for detection and assessment of pain and distress in experimental animals. In: Short CE, Van Poznak A, eds. Animal Pain. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1992: 5 15-524.
29. Villa, R., Ravasio, G., Ferraresi, C., Zonca, A., Carli, S., Borghi, L., & Cagnardi, P. (2015). Pharmacokinetics of intravenous ketorolac in cats undergoing gonadectomy. New Zealand veterinary journal, 63(3), 162-166.
30. Watts, J. A., Gellar, M. A., Stuart, L. K., Obraztsova, M., & Kline, J. A. (2009). Proinflammatory events in right ventricular damage during pulmonary embolism: effects of treatment with ketorolac in rats. Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 54(3), 246-252.
31. Wong HY, Carpenter RL, Kopacz DJ, Fragen RJ, Thompson G, Maneakis TJ. A randomized double-blind evaluation of ketorolac tromethamine for post-operative analgesia in ambulatory surgical patients. Anesthesiology 1993; 78: 6-14.
منشور
2024-09-29
How to Cite
الشبلاقم., & دعاسأ. (2024). Studying the effect of using ketorolac on controlling postoperative pain in dogs. Journal of Hama University , 7(السادس). Retrieved from https://hama-univ.edu.sy/ojs/index.php/huj/article/view/2118
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