اختلاف الخصائص الشكلية واالإنتاجية لأوراق التبغ Nicotiana tabacum L. حسب موقعها على النبات
الكلمات المفتاحية:
الكلمات المفتاحية: تبغ – طول الورقة- معامل استدارة - مساحة الورقة – إنتاجية .
الملخص
نُفذ البحث في مركز بحوث التبغ التابع للمؤسسة العامة للتبغ في الرميلة – جبلة - اللاذقية، تمت زراعة بذور صنف التبغ (جب حسن) لدراسة تأثير موقع الورقة على الساق في بعض الخصائص الشكلية والإنتاجية من خلال جمع الأوراق وفقاً لأربع قطفات، أولى وثانية وثالثة ورابعة.
بيّنت النتائج تباين الخصائص الشكلية (طول، عرض، مساحة ومعامل استدارة الورقة) والإنتاجية (الون الأخضر، الجاف ومعامل التصافي) إضافة إلى مادية وسماكة الورقة بين القطفات الأربعة. أعطت أوراق القطفات الأولى والثانية أفضل النتائج، حيث بلغ طول الورقة (27.8 و 24.9 سم)، وعرض الورقة (16.4 و14.2سم)، والمساحة (312.33 و241.49 سم2)، وكذلك بلغت فيهما إنتاجية الأوراق الخضراء (545 و303 غ)، والجافة (80.25 و72.25 غ)، ونسبة التصافي (13.44 و 20.55%) على التوالي، بينما سجلت المادية القيم الأفضل في القطفة الرابعة (69.88 غ/سم2) وكذلك كل من السماكة (89.61 ميكرون) ومعامل الإستدارة (1.95).
أعطت أوراق القطفتين الأولى والثانية أفضل القيم بالنسبة للمواصفات الشكلية والإنتاجية مقارنة بالقطفتين الثالثة والرابعة، بينما كانت قيم المعطيات التكنولوجية التصنيعية (استدارة، سماكة ومادية الورقة) هي الأفضل في القطفتين الثالثة والرابعة.
المراجع
المراجع:
1-رناؤوط، محمود (2009). دراسة بعض الصفات الإنتاجية والنوعية لتبغ الفرجينيا VK51 وفق المستويات المختلفة لعدد الأوراق والإضافات الآزوتية. مجلة بحوث جامعة البعث، سلسة العلوم الزراعية، 31.
2-درويش، مجد؛ رقية، نزيه وعبدالله، أحمد (2020). استجابة صنف التبغ برلي 21Nicotiana tabacum L. var. Burley لتأثير الإجهاد المائي ومستويات مختلفة من السماد الآزوتي في محافظة طرطوس. المجلة السورية للبحوث الزراعية، 7 (6).
3-رقية، نزيه (2003). التبوغ وتكنولوجيتها، منشورات مديرية الكتب والمطبوعات الجامعية، جامعة تشرين، سورية، 332 صفحة.
4-عرب، سائد (2001). معادلات تحديد المسطح الورقي في صنف تبغ الفرجينيا، مجلة بحوث جامعة حلب، سلسة العلوم الزراعية، العدد 39.
5-Abdul majeed,A., Khan,R., Ahmad,H., and Muhammad,Z.,(2010). gamma irradiati
Alonso-Ramirez, A., Rodriguez, D., Reyes, D., Jimenez, J.A., Nicolas, G., and Lopez-Climent, M.(2009). Evidence for a role of gibberellins in salicylic acid-modulated early plant responses to abiotic stress in Arabidopsis seeds. Plant Physiology,150:1335-1344. doi:10.1104/pp.109.139352.
6-Abdel Aziz,N,G., Mazher,A,A,M., and Farahat,M,M.,(2010). Response of vegetative growth and chemical constituents of Thuja orientalis L. plant to foliar application of different amino acids at Nubaria. J Am Sci 6(3):295-301.
7-Anderson, R.A., Kasperbaur, M.J., and Barton, H.R.,(1985). Shade during growth– Effect on chemical composition and leaf color of Air-cured Burley tobacco. Agronomy Journal, 77, 543.
8-Arancon,N,Q., Edwards CLIVE,A., Lee,S.,and Byrne,R.,(2006). Effects of Humic Acids from Vermicomposts on Plant Growth. Eur J Soil Biol,42:S65–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2006.06.004.
9-Awuchl,C,G.,(2017). Sugar alcohols chemistry production, importance of mannitol, sorbitol, and erythritol.International Journal of Advanced Academic Research Sciences, Technology Engineering,3: 49-98.
10-Benowitz, N.L.,(1996). Pharmacology of nicotine: Addiction and therapeutics. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol, 36:597–613.
11-Chen,K,E., Chen,H,Y., and Tseng,C,S.,(2020). Improving nitrogen use efficiency by manipulating nitrate remobilization in plants. Nat Plants,6:1126–1135. doi: 10.1038/s41477-020-00758-0
12-Darwish, M., Lopez-Lauri, F., Vidal, V., El Maataoui, M. and Sallanon, H.,(2015). Alternation of light/dark period priming enhances clomazone tolerance by increasing the levels of ascorbate and phenolic compounds and ROS detoxification in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plantlets. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology,148: 9–20.
13-Effects on some growth parameters of Lepidium sativum L. ARPN J Agric Biol Sci, 5,39–42.
14-Evans,J,R.,(1989). Photosynthesis and nitrogen relationships in leaves of ca plants. Oecologia,78:9–19. doi: 10.1007/BF00377192.
15-Flora of Nicaragua.,(2014). Flora of Nicaragua, Tropicos website. St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. http://tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx?projectid=7
16-Gill, S.S. and Tuteja, N.,(2010). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiol Biochem, 48:909–930.
17- Grisan,S., Polizzotto,R., Raiola,P., Cristiani,S., Ventura, F., di Lucia,F. (2016).Alternative use of tobacco as a sustainable crop for seed oil, biofuel, and biomass. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 36, 55, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-016-0395-5
18-Hartana,I., Vermeulen,H.,(2000). Nicotiana tabacum L. In: Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) No. 16: Stimulants [ed. by Vossen vander, H. A. M. \Wessel, M.]. Leiden, Netherlands: Backhuys Publisher. http://proseanet.org/prosea/e-prosea_detail.php?frt=&id=612
19-Honarnejed,R., and Shoai-Deylami,M.,(2004).Gene effect, combining ability and correlation of characterstics in F2 populations of Burley tobacco. J Sci Technol Agric Nat Resour,8: 135-147 (In Persian).
20-Hunziker, A,T.,(2001). Genera Solanacearum: The Genera of Solanaceae Illustrated, Arranged according to a New System; Gantner Verlag: Ruggell, Liechtenstein: 1–500
21-Jiang, C., Zu, C., and Wang, H.,(2015). Effect of nitrogen fertilization on growth and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Journal of Life Science, 9: 373-380.
22-Kampol, K., Ratana, C,W., Chirata, K.,(1993). Effect of fertilizer rates and topping heights on quality and yield of flue-cured tobacco. Annual report, Mae JO tobacco experiment station, Ching Mai (Thailand), no, 68.
23-Legg,P,D., and Collins,G,B.,(1975).Genetic parameters in a Ky 14 × Ky Ex 42 burley population of Nicotiana tabacum L. Theor Appl Genet,45: 264-267.
24-Li, Q., Tan, W., Xue, M., and Zhao, H.,(2018). Dynamic changes in energy metabolism and electron transport of photosystem II in Nicotiana tabacum infested by nymphs of Bemisia tabaci (Middle East-Asia Minor 1). Arthropod-Plant Interactions,12:505-515. doi:10.1007/s11829-018-9594-0.
25-Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. http://tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx?projectid=13
26-Mahmoud, E., abd-elkader, N., Robin, P., Akkal-corfini, N., and Abd el-rahman, L.,(2009). Effect of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on cucumber yield and some soil properties. World Journal of Agriculture Sciences,5: 408-414.
27-Menassa,R., Nguyen,V., Jevnikar,A., and Brandle,J.,(2001). A self-contained system for the field production of plant recombinant interleukin-10. Mol Breeding, 8:177–185.
Neuberg,M., Pavlikova,D., Pavlik,M., AND Balik,J.(2010).The effect of different nitrogen nutrition on proline and asparagines content in plant. Plant Soil Environ,56(7):305–311.
28-Omosun, G., Akanwa, F,E. and Lazarus, B.,(2022). Effect of Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS) on the Germination, Growth and Yield of Two Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) Varieties. African Scientist,22(2).
29-Palmer,E,C., Veit,D., Gershenzon,J., and Schuman,M,C.,(2015). The sesquiterpenes (E)-ß-farnesene and (E)-α-bergamotene quench ozone but fail to protect the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata from ozone, UVB, and drought stresses. PloS one,10(6), e0127296.
PFAF.(2014). Plants for a future. http://www.pfaf.org
30-Randall,R,P.,(2012). A Global Compendium of Weeds. Perth, Australia: Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 1124 pp. http://www.cabi.org/isc/FullTextPDF/2013/20133109119.pdf
31-Rodgman, A., and Perfetti, T.,(2013). The chemical components of tobacco and tobacco smoke, 2nd edition. Florida: CRC Press
32-Sabaghnia,N., Dehghani,H., Alizadeh,B., and Mohghaddam,M.,(2010). Interrelationships between seed yield and 20 related traits of 49 canola (Brassica napus L.) genotypes in nonstressed and water-stressed environments. Spanish J Agric Res, 8: 356-370.
33-SIMMONDS, N,M.,(1979). Principles of crop improvement. Longman, London and New York.
34-Stoop,J,M,H., Williamson,J,D.,a nd Pharr,D,M.,(1996). Mannitol metabolism in plants: a method for coping with stress.Trends Plant Science, 5: 139-144.
35-Su, F., Villaume, S., Rabenoelina, F., Crouzet, J., Clement, C., and Vaillant-Gaveau, N., (2017). Different Arabidopsis thaliana photosynthetic and defense responses to hemibiotrophic pathogen induced by local or distal inoculation of Burkholderia phytofirmans. Photosynthesis Research,134:201-214. doi:10.1007/s11120-017-0435-2.
36-Tianyi,H,u., Subbiah,V., Wu,H., Amrit,B,K., Rauf,A., Alhumaydhi,A,F., and Suleria,N,H.,(2021). Determination and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Australia-Grown Sweet Cherries (Prunus avium L.) and Their Potential Antioxidant Properties. ACS Omega, 6 (50): 34687-34699. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c05112
37-Walch, L,P., Neumann, G.,Bangerth, F., and Engels, G.,(2000). Rapid effects of nitrogen form on leaf morphogenesis. Journal of Experimental Botany,51:227-237.
38-Wenping,LI., Zhu,L., and Zhao,S.,(2009). Correlation and path coefficient analysis and euclidean distance clustering for several characters in tobacco germplasm resource. Chin Tobac Sci,30: 59-63.
39-White,F,H., Pandeya,R,S., and Dirks,V,A.,(1979) Correlation studies among and between agronomic, chemical, physical and smoke characteristics in flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.). Can J Plant Sci,59: 111-120.
40-Xiao,B,G., Zhu,J., Lu,X,P.,Bai,Y,F., and Li,Y,P.,(2007). Analysis on genetic contribution of agronomic traits to total sugar in flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Field Crops Res,102: 98-103.
41-Yang,P., Drohan,P., Long,H., Yang,M., Bian,Y.,and Ma,E.,(2022). Water use efficiency, yield and quality of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) using negative pressure irrigation. Industrial Crops and Products,178:114558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114552
42-ZHANG, J., ZHANG, J., WANG, M., WU, S., WANG, H., NIAZI, N. K., MAN, Y. B., CHRISTIE, P., SHAN, S.,and WONG, M. H.,(2019). Effect of tobacco stem-derived biochar on soil metal immobilization and the cultivation of tobacco plant. J. Soils Sediments, 19, 2313, DOI: 10.1007/s11368-018-02226-x.
43-Zhang, W.,F., Cao,G,X., Li, X, L., Zhang,H., Wang,C., and Liu, Q.,(2016). Closing yield gaps in China by empowering smallholder farmers. Nature,537 (7622):671–674. doi:10.1038/nature19368.
44-Zhang,C,C., Zhou,C,Z., Burnap,R,L., and Peng,L.,(2018). Carbon/nitrogen metabolic balance: lessons from Cyanobacteria. Trends Plant Sci,23(12):1116–1130. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.09.008.
45-Zhu,Z., Zhong,B., Yang,Z., Zhao,W., Shi,L., Aziz,A., Rauf,A., Aljohani,A., Alhumaydhi,F., and Suleria,H.,(2022). LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Characterization and Estimation of the Antioxidant Potential of Phenolic Compounds from Different Parts of the Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) Seed and Rhizome. ACS Omega, 7 (17) :14630-14642. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c07018
1-رناؤوط، محمود (2009). دراسة بعض الصفات الإنتاجية والنوعية لتبغ الفرجينيا VK51 وفق المستويات المختلفة لعدد الأوراق والإضافات الآزوتية. مجلة بحوث جامعة البعث، سلسة العلوم الزراعية، 31.
2-درويش، مجد؛ رقية، نزيه وعبدالله، أحمد (2020). استجابة صنف التبغ برلي 21Nicotiana tabacum L. var. Burley لتأثير الإجهاد المائي ومستويات مختلفة من السماد الآزوتي في محافظة طرطوس. المجلة السورية للبحوث الزراعية، 7 (6).
3-رقية، نزيه (2003). التبوغ وتكنولوجيتها، منشورات مديرية الكتب والمطبوعات الجامعية، جامعة تشرين، سورية، 332 صفحة.
4-عرب، سائد (2001). معادلات تحديد المسطح الورقي في صنف تبغ الفرجينيا، مجلة بحوث جامعة حلب، سلسة العلوم الزراعية، العدد 39.
5-Abdul majeed,A., Khan,R., Ahmad,H., and Muhammad,Z.,(2010). gamma irradiati
Alonso-Ramirez, A., Rodriguez, D., Reyes, D., Jimenez, J.A., Nicolas, G., and Lopez-Climent, M.(2009). Evidence for a role of gibberellins in salicylic acid-modulated early plant responses to abiotic stress in Arabidopsis seeds. Plant Physiology,150:1335-1344. doi:10.1104/pp.109.139352.
6-Abdel Aziz,N,G., Mazher,A,A,M., and Farahat,M,M.,(2010). Response of vegetative growth and chemical constituents of Thuja orientalis L. plant to foliar application of different amino acids at Nubaria. J Am Sci 6(3):295-301.
7-Anderson, R.A., Kasperbaur, M.J., and Barton, H.R.,(1985). Shade during growth– Effect on chemical composition and leaf color of Air-cured Burley tobacco. Agronomy Journal, 77, 543.
8-Arancon,N,Q., Edwards CLIVE,A., Lee,S.,and Byrne,R.,(2006). Effects of Humic Acids from Vermicomposts on Plant Growth. Eur J Soil Biol,42:S65–69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejsobi.2006.06.004.
9-Awuchl,C,G.,(2017). Sugar alcohols chemistry production, importance of mannitol, sorbitol, and erythritol.International Journal of Advanced Academic Research Sciences, Technology Engineering,3: 49-98.
10-Benowitz, N.L.,(1996). Pharmacology of nicotine: Addiction and therapeutics. Ann. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol, 36:597–613.
11-Chen,K,E., Chen,H,Y., and Tseng,C,S.,(2020). Improving nitrogen use efficiency by manipulating nitrate remobilization in plants. Nat Plants,6:1126–1135. doi: 10.1038/s41477-020-00758-0
12-Darwish, M., Lopez-Lauri, F., Vidal, V., El Maataoui, M. and Sallanon, H.,(2015). Alternation of light/dark period priming enhances clomazone tolerance by increasing the levels of ascorbate and phenolic compounds and ROS detoxification in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) plantlets. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology,148: 9–20.
13-Effects on some growth parameters of Lepidium sativum L. ARPN J Agric Biol Sci, 5,39–42.
14-Evans,J,R.,(1989). Photosynthesis and nitrogen relationships in leaves of ca plants. Oecologia,78:9–19. doi: 10.1007/BF00377192.
15-Flora of Nicaragua.,(2014). Flora of Nicaragua, Tropicos website. St. Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. http://tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx?projectid=7
16-Gill, S.S. and Tuteja, N.,(2010). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiol Biochem, 48:909–930.
17- Grisan,S., Polizzotto,R., Raiola,P., Cristiani,S., Ventura, F., di Lucia,F. (2016).Alternative use of tobacco as a sustainable crop for seed oil, biofuel, and biomass. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 36, 55, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13593-016-0395-5
18-Hartana,I., Vermeulen,H.,(2000). Nicotiana tabacum L. In: Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) No. 16: Stimulants [ed. by Vossen vander, H. A. M. \Wessel, M.]. Leiden, Netherlands: Backhuys Publisher. http://proseanet.org/prosea/e-prosea_detail.php?frt=&id=612
19-Honarnejed,R., and Shoai-Deylami,M.,(2004).Gene effect, combining ability and correlation of characterstics in F2 populations of Burley tobacco. J Sci Technol Agric Nat Resour,8: 135-147 (In Persian).
20-Hunziker, A,T.,(2001). Genera Solanacearum: The Genera of Solanaceae Illustrated, Arranged according to a New System; Gantner Verlag: Ruggell, Liechtenstein: 1–500
21-Jiang, C., Zu, C., and Wang, H.,(2015). Effect of nitrogen fertilization on growth and photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Journal of Life Science, 9: 373-380.
22-Kampol, K., Ratana, C,W., Chirata, K.,(1993). Effect of fertilizer rates and topping heights on quality and yield of flue-cured tobacco. Annual report, Mae JO tobacco experiment station, Ching Mai (Thailand), no, 68.
23-Legg,P,D., and Collins,G,B.,(1975).Genetic parameters in a Ky 14 × Ky Ex 42 burley population of Nicotiana tabacum L. Theor Appl Genet,45: 264-267.
24-Li, Q., Tan, W., Xue, M., and Zhao, H.,(2018). Dynamic changes in energy metabolism and electron transport of photosystem II in Nicotiana tabacum infested by nymphs of Bemisia tabaci (Middle East-Asia Minor 1). Arthropod-Plant Interactions,12:505-515. doi:10.1007/s11829-018-9594-0.
25-Louis, Missouri and Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA: Missouri Botanical Garden and Harvard University Herbaria. http://tropicos.org/NameSearch.aspx?projectid=13
26-Mahmoud, E., abd-elkader, N., Robin, P., Akkal-corfini, N., and Abd el-rahman, L.,(2009). Effect of different organic and inorganic fertilizers on cucumber yield and some soil properties. World Journal of Agriculture Sciences,5: 408-414.
27-Menassa,R., Nguyen,V., Jevnikar,A., and Brandle,J.,(2001). A self-contained system for the field production of plant recombinant interleukin-10. Mol Breeding, 8:177–185.
Neuberg,M., Pavlikova,D., Pavlik,M., AND Balik,J.(2010).The effect of different nitrogen nutrition on proline and asparagines content in plant. Plant Soil Environ,56(7):305–311.
28-Omosun, G., Akanwa, F,E. and Lazarus, B.,(2022). Effect of Ethyl Methanesulfonate (EMS) on the Germination, Growth and Yield of Two Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) Varieties. African Scientist,22(2).
29-Palmer,E,C., Veit,D., Gershenzon,J., and Schuman,M,C.,(2015). The sesquiterpenes (E)-ß-farnesene and (E)-α-bergamotene quench ozone but fail to protect the wild tobacco Nicotiana attenuata from ozone, UVB, and drought stresses. PloS one,10(6), e0127296.
PFAF.(2014). Plants for a future. http://www.pfaf.org
30-Randall,R,P.,(2012). A Global Compendium of Weeds. Perth, Australia: Department of Agriculture and Food Western Australia, 1124 pp. http://www.cabi.org/isc/FullTextPDF/2013/20133109119.pdf
31-Rodgman, A., and Perfetti, T.,(2013). The chemical components of tobacco and tobacco smoke, 2nd edition. Florida: CRC Press
32-Sabaghnia,N., Dehghani,H., Alizadeh,B., and Mohghaddam,M.,(2010). Interrelationships between seed yield and 20 related traits of 49 canola (Brassica napus L.) genotypes in nonstressed and water-stressed environments. Spanish J Agric Res, 8: 356-370.
33-SIMMONDS, N,M.,(1979). Principles of crop improvement. Longman, London and New York.
34-Stoop,J,M,H., Williamson,J,D.,a nd Pharr,D,M.,(1996). Mannitol metabolism in plants: a method for coping with stress.Trends Plant Science, 5: 139-144.
35-Su, F., Villaume, S., Rabenoelina, F., Crouzet, J., Clement, C., and Vaillant-Gaveau, N., (2017). Different Arabidopsis thaliana photosynthetic and defense responses to hemibiotrophic pathogen induced by local or distal inoculation of Burkholderia phytofirmans. Photosynthesis Research,134:201-214. doi:10.1007/s11120-017-0435-2.
36-Tianyi,H,u., Subbiah,V., Wu,H., Amrit,B,K., Rauf,A., Alhumaydhi,A,F., and Suleria,N,H.,(2021). Determination and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from Australia-Grown Sweet Cherries (Prunus avium L.) and Their Potential Antioxidant Properties. ACS Omega, 6 (50): 34687-34699. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c05112
37-Walch, L,P., Neumann, G.,Bangerth, F., and Engels, G.,(2000). Rapid effects of nitrogen form on leaf morphogenesis. Journal of Experimental Botany,51:227-237.
38-Wenping,LI., Zhu,L., and Zhao,S.,(2009). Correlation and path coefficient analysis and euclidean distance clustering for several characters in tobacco germplasm resource. Chin Tobac Sci,30: 59-63.
39-White,F,H., Pandeya,R,S., and Dirks,V,A.,(1979) Correlation studies among and between agronomic, chemical, physical and smoke characteristics in flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum L.). Can J Plant Sci,59: 111-120.
40-Xiao,B,G., Zhu,J., Lu,X,P.,Bai,Y,F., and Li,Y,P.,(2007). Analysis on genetic contribution of agronomic traits to total sugar in flue-cured tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Field Crops Res,102: 98-103.
41-Yang,P., Drohan,P., Long,H., Yang,M., Bian,Y.,and Ma,E.,(2022). Water use efficiency, yield and quality of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) using negative pressure irrigation. Industrial Crops and Products,178:114558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2022.114552
42-ZHANG, J., ZHANG, J., WANG, M., WU, S., WANG, H., NIAZI, N. K., MAN, Y. B., CHRISTIE, P., SHAN, S.,and WONG, M. H.,(2019). Effect of tobacco stem-derived biochar on soil metal immobilization and the cultivation of tobacco plant. J. Soils Sediments, 19, 2313, DOI: 10.1007/s11368-018-02226-x.
43-Zhang, W.,F., Cao,G,X., Li, X, L., Zhang,H., Wang,C., and Liu, Q.,(2016). Closing yield gaps in China by empowering smallholder farmers. Nature,537 (7622):671–674. doi:10.1038/nature19368.
44-Zhang,C,C., Zhou,C,Z., Burnap,R,L., and Peng,L.,(2018). Carbon/nitrogen metabolic balance: lessons from Cyanobacteria. Trends Plant Sci,23(12):1116–1130. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2018.09.008.
45-Zhu,Z., Zhong,B., Yang,Z., Zhao,W., Shi,L., Aziz,A., Rauf,A., Aljohani,A., Alhumaydhi,F., and Suleria,H.,(2022). LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Characterization and Estimation of the Antioxidant Potential of Phenolic Compounds from Different Parts of the Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) Seed and Rhizome. ACS Omega, 7 (17) :14630-14642. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c07018
منشور
2025-07-20
كيفية الاقتباس
الرياحيم. (2025). اختلاف الخصائص الشكلية واالإنتاجية لأوراق التبغ Nicotiana tabacum L. حسب موقعها على النبات. مجلة جامعة حماة, 7(22). استرجع في من https://hama-univ.edu.sy/ojs/index.php/huj/article/view/2317
القسم
قسم هندسة الزراعية
