تأثير الارتفاع عن سطح البحر في بعض الخصائص النوعية والكمية لأوراق وبذور الخروع في موقعين من محافظة اللاذقية.
الكلمات المفتاحية:
الخروع, الكلوروفيل, الكاروتين, الكربوهيدرات, البروتين, الزيت الثابت
الملخص
أجريت هذه الدراسة في مخابر كلية العلوم والبحوث البيئية والزراعية في جامعة تشرين عام 2021 بهدف دراسة بعض الخصائص النوعية والكمية لأوراق وبذور الخروع المجموعة من موقعين مختلفين في محافظة اللاذقية [الرمل الجنوبي (اللاذقية)، خربة هيشون (الحفة)] وذلك لأهمية هذا النبات من الناحية الطبية والصناعية.
هدف البحث الى دراسة بعض الخصائص النوعية والكمية لأورق وبذور الخروع في موقعين مختلفين في محافظة اللاذقية (الكلوروفيل a، الكلوروفيل b، الكلوروفيل الكلي، الكاروتين، الكربوهيدرات الكلية، البروتين الكلي، الزيت الثابت، الألياف الخام، الرماد الكلي، الرطوبة). بينت النتائج تفوق موقع خربة هيشون (الحفة) (الأكثر ارتفاعاً عن سطح البحر) معنوياً بجميع الصفات النوعية المدروسة في بذور الخروع {الكربوهيدارت (34.263 mg⁄g)، والبروتين (19.95%)، والزيت الثابت (54%)، والألياف الكلي (17.383%)، والرماد الكلي (19.47%)، والرطوبة% (7.542%)}، على موقع الرمل الجنوبي وقد يعزى ذلك للظروف البيئية الملائمة لنمو وتطور نبات الخروع.
تباين التركيب الكيميائي معنوياً بمحتوى أوراق الخروع حسب المواقع {خربة هيشون بنسبة الكلوروفيلa (0.547 mg/g)، ونسبة الكلوروفيلb (0.514 mg/g)، ونسبة الكلوروفيل الكلي (1.199 mg/g)، والكاروتين (mg/g 0.268)، والكربوهيدرات (mg⁄g 16.12)، والبروتين (18.71%)، والفينول (22.71%) والرطوبة (69.812%)، وموقع الرمل الجنوبي بنسبة الألياف الكلي (15.1%)، والرماد الكلي (12.79%)}.
المراجع
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26-Mboyazi, S.N., Nqotheni, M.I., Maliehe, T.S., and Shandu, J.S., (2020). In vitro antibacterial and in silico toxicity properties of phytocom- pounds from Ricinus Communis leaf extract. Pharmacogn Journal, (12): 977–983.
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28-Mcdaniel, W.H., Hemphill, R.N., and Donaldson W.T., (1967). Automatic determination of total kjeldahl nitrogen in estuarine water. Technicon symposi, 1: 362-367.
29-Mcgratha, S.C., Morse, B.S.A., Barr, J. R., Schieltz, D. M., Mcwilliams, L. G., and Kuklenyik. Z., (2015). Quantification Of Ricin, RCA And Comparison Of Enzymatic Activity In 18 Ricinus Communis Cultivars By Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry. Elsevier. Science Direct. Toxicon, 1: 72-83.
30-Mojidul, H., Mominul, I., Pravez, A., and Sabina,Y., (2020). Evaluation of allelopathic potential of Ricinus communis L. on the growth of several field crops. Research Journal Of Medicinal Plants, 14: 79-87.
31-Nour, I.H., Alhadead, K., Ellmouni, F.Y., Badr, R. Saad, T.I., EL-Banhawy, A., and Abdel Rahman, S.M., (2023). Morphological Anatomical and Chemical Characterization of Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae). Agronomy, 13(985): 1- 25.
32-Panhwar, T., Mahesar, S.A., Mahesar, A.W., Kandhro, A.A., Talpur, F.N., Laghari, Z. H., Chang, A.S., and Sherazi, S.T.H., (2016). Characteristics and composition of a high oil yielding castor variety from Pakistan. Journal of Oleo Science, 65(6): 471-476.
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34-Rahmati, H.,Salehi, S., Malekpour, A., and Forhangi, E., (2015). Antimicrobial activity of Castor Oil plant(Ricinus communis)seeds extract against gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria and yeast. International journal of molecular medicine and advance sciences, 11(1): 9 -12.
35-Ramgunde,V., and Chaturvedi, A., (2016). Allelopathic effect of Ricinus communis L. and Vitex negundo L. on morphological attributes of invasive alien weed: Cassia uniflora Mill.. International Journal of Applied Sciences, 3(3): 438-447.
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45-Sarmah, M.C., Chutia, M., Neog, K., Das, R., Rajkhowa, G., and Gogoi, S.N., (2011). Evaluation of promising castor genotype in terms of agronomical and yield attributing traits, biochemical properties and rearing performance of eri silkworm, silkworm, Samia ricini (Donovan). Industrial Crops and Products, 34: 1439-1446.
46-Sengupta, T., Chakravarty, D., Sengupta, D., Sengupta, A.K., and Das, S.K., (2008). Screening of some improved castor genotypes for quality parameters in Gangetic alluvial soil of West Bengal. Agric. Sci. Digest, 28(4): 268-270.
47-Severino, L. S.; Mendes, B. S., and Lima, G. S., (2015). Seed coat specific weight and endosperm composition define the oil content of castor seed. Industrial Crops and Products, (75): 14-19.
48-Tian, W., Chen, G., Zhang, G., Wang, D., Tilley, M., and Li, Y., (2020). Rapid determination of total phenolic content of whole wheat flour using near-infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics. Food Chemistry, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128633
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1-Abbes, M., Montana, M., Curti, C., and Vanelle, P., (2021). Ricin poisoning: a review on contamination source, diagnosis, treatment, prevention and reporting of ricin poisoning. Toxicon, (195): 86–92.
2-Alirezalu, A., Farhadi, N., Shirzad, H., and Hazarti, S., (2011). The effect of climatic factors on the production and quality of castor oil. Nature And Science, 9(4): 15-19.
3-A.O.A.C., (1980). Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists.,13th ed, Washington, USA, pp:314.
4-A.O.A.C., (2000). Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists., 17th, Edition, Washington DC., U.S.A.
5-A.O.A.C., (2005). Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists. International,18 Ed., Published By The Association Of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia, USA.
6-Bernhard, R.A., (2019). Phaytochemical Methods. A Guide to Modern Techniques of plant Analysis, Chapman and hall Ltd, London.
7-Buresh, R.J., Austin, E.R., Craswell, E.T., (1982). Analytical methods in N-15 researsh. Fert. Res., 3:37-62.
8-Calloner, K.R., Mccarron. M.M., (2011) Castor Bean Intoxication. Ann Emerg Med, 19(11): 77-83.
9-Chan, A., Crabtree, J., Zhao, Q., Lorenzi, H., Orvis, J., Pulu, D., Melak, E., Berhan, A., Jones, K., Redman, J., Chen, G., cahoon, E., Gedil, M., Stanke, M., HAS, B., Wortman, J., Fraser, L., Gett, C., Ravel, J., &Rabenowicz, P., (2010). Biotechnology, 28(9).
10-Chandrappa, D., Govindan, R., and Sannappa, B., (2005). Nutrient status of leaves of some castor genotypes in Eastern dry zone of Karnataka. Int. J. Agric. Sci., 2: 225-227.
11-Choi, G.H., Kim, L., Lee, D.Y., Jin, C.L., Lim, S.J., Park, B.J., Cho, N.J., and Kim, J.H., (2016). Quantitative analyses of ricinoleic acid and ricinine in Ricinus Communis extracts and its biopesticides. Journal Applied Biological Chemistry, 59(2): 165−169.
12-C.S.I.R., (1984-1976). Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. The wealth of India, New Delhi, 11.
13-Das, S.C., Isichei, C.O., Okwuasaba, F.K., (2000). Chemical, pathological and toxicological studies of the effects of RICO -1013-J of Ricinus communis var minor on women vounteers and rodents. Phyto Res, 14:15-9.
14-Drouineau, G., (1942). Dosage rapid du calcire actif du sol. Nouvelles donnies sur la reporta- tion de la nature des fractions calcaires. Ann. Agron. 12: 411- 450.
15-Du, J., Gong, C., Pei, X., Zhao, H., and Xu, X., (2019). Analysis of triacylglycerols in castor oil through liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry based on fourier transform–ion cyclotron resonance–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatographic Science, 57(2):108–115.
16-Dubois, M., Giles, K.A., Hamilton, T.K., Robeos, R.A., and Smith, R., (1956). Calorimetric determination of sugars and related substances. Anal. Chem., 28: 350-356.
17-Elkousy, R.H., Said, Z.N.A., Abd El-Baseer, M.A., Abu El wafa, S.A., (2021). Antiviral activity of castor oil plant (Ricinus communis) leaf extracts. Ethnopharmacol Journal, 271(11):38-57.
18-FAO. (1974). The Euphrates Pilot Irrigation Project. Methods of soil analysis , Gadeb Soil Laboratory (A laboratory manual). Food and Agriculture Organization, Roma, Italy.
19-FAO. (2008). Food And Agricultural Organization Of United Nation. Economic, And Social Department, The Statistical Devision.
20-Friedman, M.H., Andreu, M.G., Quintana, H.V., & Mckenzie, M., (2013). Ricinus Communis, Castor Bean .The Institute Of Food And Agricultural Sciences (IFAS),Extention University Of Florida, 3p.
21-Imasuen, A., Inegbedion, F., Erhabor, C., and Osuide, M. (2014). Isolation and characterization of castor seed oil and its utilization potential in the production of polyurethane foam. Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST), 11(5): 421-427.
22-Keera, S.T., El Sabagh, S.M., and Taman, A.R., (2018). Castor oil biodiesel production. Egyptian Journal of Petroleum, 27(18): 979–984.
23-Kiran, B.R., and Prasad M.N.V., (2017). Ricinus communis L. (castor bean), a potential multi-purpose environmental crop for improved and integrated phytoremediation. EuroBiotech Journal, (1):101–116.
24-Lawrence, L., (2010). Genotyping And Bioforensics Of Ricinus Communis. California State Polytechnic University, San Luis Obispo, National Laboratory, 58 p.
25-Manjunath, K.G., and Sannappa, B., (2014). Evaluation of Castor Ecotypes of Selected Regions of the Western Ghats of Karnataka, India through Bio-Chemical Assay. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR), 3 (11): 2045- 2051.
26-Mboyazi, S.N., Nqotheni, M.I., Maliehe, T.S., and Shandu, J.S., (2020). In vitro antibacterial and in silico toxicity properties of phytocom- pounds from Ricinus Communis leaf extract. Pharmacogn Journal, (12): 977–983.
27-Mclean, E.O., (1982). Soil pH and lime requirement, chemical and microbiological Properties. Soc. Agron, Madison, USA, pp: 199-224.
28-Mcdaniel, W.H., Hemphill, R.N., and Donaldson W.T., (1967). Automatic determination of total kjeldahl nitrogen in estuarine water. Technicon symposi, 1: 362-367.
29-Mcgratha, S.C., Morse, B.S.A., Barr, J. R., Schieltz, D. M., Mcwilliams, L. G., and Kuklenyik. Z., (2015). Quantification Of Ricin, RCA And Comparison Of Enzymatic Activity In 18 Ricinus Communis Cultivars By Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry. Elsevier. Science Direct. Toxicon, 1: 72-83.
30-Mojidul, H., Mominul, I., Pravez, A., and Sabina,Y., (2020). Evaluation of allelopathic potential of Ricinus communis L. on the growth of several field crops. Research Journal Of Medicinal Plants, 14: 79-87.
31-Nour, I.H., Alhadead, K., Ellmouni, F.Y., Badr, R. Saad, T.I., EL-Banhawy, A., and Abdel Rahman, S.M., (2023). Morphological Anatomical and Chemical Characterization of Ricinus communis L. (Euphorbiaceae). Agronomy, 13(985): 1- 25.
32-Panhwar, T., Mahesar, S.A., Mahesar, A.W., Kandhro, A.A., Talpur, F.N., Laghari, Z. H., Chang, A.S., and Sherazi, S.T.H., (2016). Characteristics and composition of a high oil yielding castor variety from Pakistan. Journal of Oleo Science, 65(6): 471-476.
33-Patel, V.R., Dumancas, G.G., Viswanath, L.C.K., Maples, R., and B. J. J. (2016). Subong castor oil: properties, uses, and optimization of processing parameters in commercial production. Lipid Insights, Libertas Academica, (9): 1–12.
34-Rahmati, H.,Salehi, S., Malekpour, A., and Forhangi, E., (2015). Antimicrobial activity of Castor Oil plant(Ricinus communis)seeds extract against gram positive bacteria, gram negative bacteria and yeast. International journal of molecular medicine and advance sciences, 11(1): 9 -12.
35-Ramgunde,V., and Chaturvedi, A., (2016). Allelopathic effect of Ricinus communis L. and Vitex negundo L. on morphological attributes of invasive alien weed: Cassia uniflora Mill.. International Journal of Applied Sciences, 3(3): 438-447.
36-Richards, L.A., (1954). Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkali soil. USDA Agric. Handbook 60. Washington, D.C.
37-Roper, T.R., (2000). Taking and iterprreting soil and tissue samples. Dept. Of Horticulture, University of Wisconsin-Madison.
38-Ryan, J., Yan, J., Estefan, G., and Rashid, A., (2003). Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory Manual2. ICARDA. NARC, 172p.
39- Sadasivam, S., and Manickam, A., (2008). Biochemical Methods. New Age International Limited Publishers, New Delhi, p. 270.
40-Saddiqe, Z., Nazir, A., and Sabir, M., (2020). Allelopathic effect of Ricinus communis L. extracts on germination and seedling growth of zea may L.. Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences Pakistan, 2(1): 232 – 243 .
41-Sahney, M., Rahi, S., Kumar, A. and Jaiswal, R., (2018). Melissopalynological studies on winter honeys from allahabad, uttar pradesh India. Palynology, (42): 540–552.
42-Salimon, J., Noor, D.A.M., Nazrizawati, A.T., Firdaus, M.Y.M. and Noraishah, A., (2010). Fatty acid composition and physicochemical properties of malaysian castor bean Ricinus Communis L. Seed Oil. Sains Malaysiana. 39(5): 761-764.
43-Sannappa, B., and Jayaramaiah, M., (2002). Foliar constituents of selected genotypes of castor, Ricinus communis L. Mysore J. Agric. Sci., 36: 315-321.
44-Santoso, B.B., Parwata, I.A., Jaya, I.D., (2015). Seed Viability and Oil Content of Castor Bean (Ricinus communis L.) as Affected by Packaging Materials during Storage. Energy Crops Centre. The Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Mataram. Mataram, NTB-Indonesia, International Journal of Applied Science and Technology, 5(2). .
45-Sarmah, M.C., Chutia, M., Neog, K., Das, R., Rajkhowa, G., and Gogoi, S.N., (2011). Evaluation of promising castor genotype in terms of agronomical and yield attributing traits, biochemical properties and rearing performance of eri silkworm, silkworm, Samia ricini (Donovan). Industrial Crops and Products, 34: 1439-1446.
46-Sengupta, T., Chakravarty, D., Sengupta, D., Sengupta, A.K., and Das, S.K., (2008). Screening of some improved castor genotypes for quality parameters in Gangetic alluvial soil of West Bengal. Agric. Sci. Digest, 28(4): 268-270.
47-Severino, L. S.; Mendes, B. S., and Lima, G. S., (2015). Seed coat specific weight and endosperm composition define the oil content of castor seed. Industrial Crops and Products, (75): 14-19.
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منشور
2025-07-14
كيفية الاقتباس
حمدكون., & غندورد. و. (2025). تأثير الارتفاع عن سطح البحر في بعض الخصائص النوعية والكمية لأوراق وبذور الخروع في موقعين من محافظة اللاذقية. مجلة جامعة حماة, 7(21). استرجع في من https://hama-univ.edu.sy/ojs/index.php/huj/article/view/1944
القسم
قسم علوم
