تأثير استخدام البيتاجلوكان على الاضداد المناعية النوعية لمرض النيوكاسل باستخدام اختبار منع التراص الدموي عند دجاج اللحم

- المراجع العربية :
*العطار ، علي عبد الكريم. (1980) . التغذية العلمية للدجاج . كلية الزراعة ـــ جامعة البصرة .
- المراجع الأجنبية :
-Alexander, D.J. (1997). Newcastle disease and other paramyovirus . In : Isolation and Identification of Avian pathogens ; 4th Ed, Eds by Swayane , D.E; Glaisson, J.R.; Jackwood, M.W.; Pearson , J.E. and Reis, W.M. American Association of Avian Pathologists . U.S.A. Pp.156-163.
- Alexander, D.J. (2008). Newcastle and other avian paramyxoviridae and pheumovirus infections. In: Disease of poultry. Saif Y.M; Barnes H.J.; Glisson J.R.; Fadly A.M; Mcdongald L.R. and Swayne D., editors. Ames, Iowa State University Press; pp: 63-99.
-Ai Q., Mai L., Zhang L., Tan B., Zhang W., Xu W. and Li H. (2007). Effects of dietary beta-1, 3 glucan on innate immune response of large yellow croaker, Pseudosciaena crocea. J.Fish Shellfish Immunol., (22)4, 394-402.
-Bohn J.A., and Bemiller J.N. (1995). (1-3)-β-D-Glucans as biological response modifiers: A review of structure-functional activity relationships. J. Carbohydr. Polymers, (28), 3–14.
-Brown, Gd.(2006). Dectin -1: asignalling non – tlr pattern – recognition receptor. Nat Rev Immunol .6(1):33-43.
-Chae, B. J., Lohakare, J. D., Moon, W. K., Lee, S. L., Park, Y. H., & Hahn, T.-W. (2006). Effects of supplementation of β-glucan on the growth performance and immunity in broilers. Research in Veterinary Science, 80(3), 291–298. doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2005.07.008
-Chen, K. L., Weng, B. C., Chang, M. T., Liao, Y. H., Chen, T. T., & Chu, C. (2008). Direct enhancement of the phagocytic and bactericidal capability of abdominal macrophage of chicks by β-1, 3–1, 6-glucan. Poultry science, 87(11), 2242-2249.‏
-Cheng, Y. H., Lee D. N., Wen C. M. and Weng C. F. (2004). Effects of [beta]- glucan supplementation on lymphocyte proliferation, macrophage chemotaxis and specific immune responses in broilers. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 17(8):1145-1149.
-Cox C. M., Stuard L. H., Kim S., McElroy A. P., Bedford M. R. and Dalloul R.A. (2010): Performance and immune responses to dietary β-glucan in broiler chicks. Poultry Science. (89) :1924–1933.
-Fearon D. T. and Locksley R. M. (1996). The instructive role of innate
immunity in the acquired immune response. Science 272, 50-54.
-Huff, G.R., Huff, W.E., Rath, N.C., and Tellez, G. (2006). Limited Treatment with β-1,3/1,6-Glucan Improves Production Values of Broiler Chickens Challenged with Escherichia coli. J. Of Poultry Science. (85): 613–618.
- Guo, R.A. Ali, M.A. Qureshi The influence of β-glucan on immune responses in broiler chicks Immunopharmacol. Immunotoxicol., 25 (2003), pp. 461-472
-Johansson L., Virkki L., Maunu S., Lehto M., Ekholm P., and Varo P. (2000). Structural characterization of water-soluble β-glucan of oat bran. J. Carbohydrate Polymers. (42): 143-148.
-Khaleghi Miran, S.N., Karimi Torshizi, M.A., Bassami, M.R. and Jandaghi, H. (2010) . Effect of three Immunostimulants on some of indicators of Broilers’ immune response. J. Poultry Science. (47): 321-25.
-Li W., Cui S.W., Wang Q. and Yada R.Y. (2011). Studies of aggregation behaviours of cereal β-glucans in dilute aqueous solutions by light scattering: Part I. Structure effects. J. Food Hydrocoll. (25): 189-195.
Morales-López, E. Auclair, F. Garcia, E. Esteve-Garcia, J. Brufau (2009).-
Use of yeast cell walls; β-1,3/1,6-glucans; and mannoproteins in broiler chicken diets Poult. Sci., 88 (2009), pp. 601-607
- (NRC): National Research Council. (1994). Nutrient requirement of poultry. 9th rev. ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC.
-Nathan K.S., Di Luzio N.R., Pool B.P. and Sutherland A.J. (1964). Evaluation of Reticuloendothelial Function in Man. J. AMA, 10 (187): 744-748.
-Office International des Epizooties (OIE) (2000) , Manual of Standards for Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines .
- Rathgeber, B. M., Budgell, K. L., MacIsaac, J. L., Mirza, M. A., & Doncaster, K. L. (2008). Growth performance and spleen and bursa weight of broilers fed yeast beta-glucan. Canadian journal of animal science, 88(3), 469-473.‏
-Rajput A.B., Kolte B.R., Shisodiya J.M., Chandankhede J.M. and Chahande J.M. (2009) . Effect of Viatmin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E and Levamisole on Performance of Broilers. J. Veterinary World. 2(6): 225-227.
-Roubroeks J.P., Andersson R., Mastromauro D.I., Christensen B.E. and Aman P. (2001). Molecular weight, structure and shape of oat (13),(14)-β-D-glucan fractions obtained by enzymatic degradation with (14)-β-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase from Trichoderma reesei. J. Carbohydr. Polym . (46): 275-285.
-Shuaib, M, Khan, H., Rehman, S., and Muhammad Ashfaque., M. (2006). Humoral Immune Response to Newcastle Dissease Vaccine in Broilers. International Journal of Poultry Science 5(5):411-414.
-Sia G.M., and Candlish J.K. (1999). Effects of shiitake (Lentinusedodes) extract on human neutrophils and the U937 monocytic cell line. Phytother Res. 2 (13): 133-137.
-Vicente, J. L., Aviña L., Torres-Rodriguez A., Hargis B. and Tellez G. (2007). Effect of a Lactobacillus Spp. Based Probiotic Culture Product on Broiler Chicks Performance under Commercial Conditions. Int. J. Poult. Sci., 6: 154-156.
-Vos , A.; M; Rabet , L.; Stahl , B.; Booehm , G.; Garssen , J. ( 2007) . Immimo-nodulatory effects and potential working mechanisms of orally applied non digestible carbonydrates .Crit Rev immunol 27(2) : 97-140.
-Zenat. A. I.,(2011). Modulation of immunity and some biological functions of Japanese quail by Mannan oligosaccharide and β-Glucan administration .Egypt. Poult. Sci. Vol (31) (IV): (867-882).