The effect of foliar feeding with nutrients (N, K, B) and gibberellic acid on some vegetative growth indicators of Meyer lemon trees.
The effect of foliar feeding with nutrients (N, K, B) and gibberellic acid on some vegetative growth indicators of Meyer lemon trees.
الملخص
This study was conducted in the Bahlouliyeh district of Latakia Governorate during the 2022 and 2023 agricultural seasons on lemon trees of the “Mayer” variety, 15 years old and planted at a distance of 4*4 m. In order to study the effect of foliar feeding with nutrients (N, K, B) and gibberellic acid (GA3) on some vegetative growth indicators. Four chemical compounds were used in foliar spraying: urea, potassium sulfate, boron, and gibberellic acid, individually and in combination, at different concentrations (2.5 g/l, 1.5 g/l, 200 ppm, 20 ppm), respectively. The results showed that the spraying treatment with the four compounds combined (GA3, N, B, and K) was superior to the rest of the studied treatments in tree crown size with an increase rate of (43.77%) and (43.15%) for both the first and second season, respectively, compared to the control that did not The percentage increase in tree crown size exceeds (17.84%) and (12.30%) for both seasons. The results showed that the spray treatment with the four compounds combined (GA3, N, B, K) and the spray treatment with urea + boron together outperformed the rest of the treatments studied in terms of stem circumference with an increase rate of 7.59%, 7.20%, followed by the foliar spray treatment with boron + K2SO4 with an increase rate. 6.8%. The results also showed that the spray treatment with the four compounds combined, the spray treatment with urea + boron, and the foliar spray treatment with boron + K2SO4 together outperformed the rest of the studied treatments with a total chlorophyll percentage of (64.88, 63.65, 64.39) SPAD compared to the control (58.10) SPAD.
.-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Keywords: foliar nutrition, Meyer variety, tree crown size, stem circumference, total chlorophyll
References
2- الجبوري, ناظم,سالم,غانم (2006). تأثير رش الحديد والنحاس والزنك والبورون في المحتوى المغذي وصفات النمو والحاصل لأشجار البرتقال المحلي Citrus sinensis L.Osbeck, رسالة ماجستير , كلية الزراعة , جامعة تكريت , وزارة التعليم العالي والبحث العلمي.(1-66)ص.
3- الخوري,شكري,عصام؛الحسن,هاشم,حيدر(2019)تقدير محتوى التربة من الكربونات الكلية ,الجلسة العملية الثامنة,كلية الهندسة الزراعية,جامعة حماه.(1-6)ص.
4- المجموعة الإحصائية الزراعية، 2022. قسم الإحصاء، وزارة الزراعة و الإصلاح الزراعي، الجمهورية العربية السورية.
5- النعيمي, سعد الله؛ نجم, عبدالله (1999). الأسمدة وخصوبة التربة. مؤسسة دار الكتب للطباعة والنشر. جامعة الموصل. العراق. (253-264)ص.
6- فضلية ، زكريا ؛ زيدان ، علي ؛ الخطيب ،علي. (2001) .تأثير بعض أصول الحمضيات في مواصفات النمو والإنتاج لأهم الأصناف المطعمة عليها والمنتشرة في سوريا /1/التأثير في مواصفات النمو المختلفة .مجلة جامعة تشرين للدراسات والبحوث العلمية ،المجلد (23), العدد(11).
7- يعقوب، غسان (2005): أساسيات تصميم التجارب ، مديرية الكتب والمطبوعات الجامعية ، جامعة تشرين، اللاذقية – سورية ، (327) ص.
7-2-المراجع الأجنبية
8. Abdallah, A.A., Abd El-Latif ,F.M., Bakry, Kh.A And El-Gioushy S.F. (2023). Foliar Spraying with Amino Acids, and Calcium Boron, with/without GA3 on The Vegetative Growth and Productivity of The Valencia Orange Trees. Scientific Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 5 (1): 31-42. 10.21608/sjas.2023.281749
9. El-Gioushy SF, El-Badawy HEM, Elezaby AA. (2018). Enhancing productivity, fruit quality and nutritional status of ‘Washington Navel’ orange trees by foliar applications with GA and amino acids. Journal of Horticultural Science & Ornamental Plants .10(2):71-80.
10. FAO Statistics Division. Food and Agriculture Organization of The United Nation (2021).http://www.fao.org/faostat/ ar/#data /QC.
11. Flora, G. N., Babu, J. D., Lakshmi, L. M., Swami, D. V., & Suneetha, S. (2020). Effect of bioregulators on the transpiration rate and photosynthetic index of sweet orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). J. Pharm. Innov, 9, 513-518
12. Hamble and Ruschke , h. ( 1972). Stomata opening quantitively related to potassium transport . J . plant physiol . 948; 447- 453.
13. Ibrahim, H.I.M. and Al-Wasfy, M. M. (2014). The promotive impact of using silicon and selenium with potassium and boron on fruiting of Valencia orange trees grown under Minia Region Conditions. World Rural Observations; 6 (2): 28-36.
14. Ilyas, A.; Ashraf ,Y.M.; Hussain ,M.; Ashraf,M., Ahmed.R. and Kamal .A.(2015). Effect of micronutrients (Zn, Cu and B) on photosynthetic and fruit yield attributes of Citrus reticulate. Blango Var.Kinnow. Pak. J. Bot., 47(4): 1241- 1247.
15.Khan, A.S., M., Nasir, A.U. Malik, S.M.A. Basra, M.J. Jaskani.(2015). Combine application of boron and zinc influence the leaf mineral status, growth, productivity and fruit quality of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin (Citrus nobilis Lour × Citrus deliciosa Tenora). J Plant Nutri., 38: 821-838.
16. Khan, M. N., & Nabi, G. (2023). Potassium fertilizer source and timing regulate growth, flowering and yield in trees of sweet lime (Citrus limetta L). Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, 39(3), 655-664.
17. Khayyat, M., Tafazoli, E., Eshghi, S. and Rajaee, S. (2007). Effect of nitrogen, boron, potassium and zinc sprays on yield and fruit quality of date palm. Am-Euras. J. Agric. Environ. Sci., 2(3): 289-296.
18.Lin, D. and Danfeng, H. (2003). Effects of potassium levels on photosynthesis and fruit quality of muskmelon in culture medium. Acta. Horticulturae. Sinica., 30(2): 221-223.
19. Migge, A.; Becker,T. W.,( 1996). In tobacco leaves, the genes encoding the nitrate-reducting or the ammonium-assimilating enzymes are regulated differently by external nitrogensources. Plant Physiol. Biochem, 34, 665-671.
20. Mohammad,Mohamed ,(2000). Effect of some nitrogen fertilization and growth and fruiting of orange trees .Horticulture ; Fac .Agric; Zaguzig University
21. Makhoul، Georges .، Mouhammad، N.، Bouissa، A، A(2018).Effect of Foliar Spraying with B ، Zn and Fe on Flowering، Fruit Set and Physical Traits of the lemon Fruits (Citrus Meyeri). SSRG International Journal of Agriculture & Environmental Science (SSRG - IJAES) ، Volume 5، Issue 2 ، Mar- April 2018.
22. Masoud, A. A. B., Ibraheem, F. E., & Khodair, O. A. (2019). Effect of Foliar Application of Zinc, Boron and Silicon on Growth and Fruiting of Balady Mandarin Trees. Assiut Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 50(2), 206-218.
23. Nikiforova,M.A. And Semikin,V.E (1983).The short method for calculating the economic outpot.
24. Prasad, H., Prasad, D., Bhan, C., Bairwa, S. K., Babu, S., & Pal, S. (2013). Effect of foliar application of urea, zinc sulphate, and 2, 4-D on kinnow mandarin: A review. Journal of Progressive Agriculture, 4(1), 148-153.
25. Rokaya, P.R., Baral, D.R., Gautam, D.M., Shrestha, A.K., and Paudyal, K.P. (2016) Effect of Pre-Harvest Application of Gibberellic Acid on Fruit Quality and Shelf Life of Mandarin (Citrus reticulata Blanco). American Journal of Plant Sciences, 7 (7), 1033.-??.
26. Sawale Pv, Patil Mb, Tummod Ar, Pavhane Sb,( 2021). Effect of nutrients on growth & physical attributes of acid lime (Citrus aurantifolia L.) cv. Sai Sharbati. The Pharm Innov J. 10(11):2063-6.
27. Singh, R.K., Prasad, V.M., Mishra, S., Shabi, M. and Deepanshu .(2017). Studies on the effect of foliar application of nitrogen and phosphorus on growth, flowering and fruiting of Guava (Psidiumgua java L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda. Pharm. Innov. J., 6(11): 771-774
28. Sivasankar, S.; Oaks, A .(1996). Nitrate assimilation in higher plants: the effect of metabolites and light. Plant Physiol.Biochem. 34, 609-620.
29.Wareaing,P.F.(1983). Interaction between nitrogen and growth regulators in the control of plant development 'British plant growth regulator. Group Monograph,9.1-4.
30. Wojci, P,(2004). Uptake of mineral nutrients from foliar fertilization. Journal of fruit and ornamental plant research, 12(Spec. ed.).p,201-218.
31. Zekri,Mongi.,Tombreza,Tom,(2013).potassium(K) for citrus trees. Ducument SL381.Department of soil and water sciences.UF/IFAS .Extension. orginal publication Date July 2013.P.,1-4.
