حصر وتوصيف طرز الشوفان البرية Avena fatua L. المنتشرة في مواقع مختلفة من الساحل السوري
الكلمات المفتاحية:
حصر، طرز، الشوفان البري، الساحل السوري
الملخص
نفذت الدراسة خلال الموسمين الزارعين 2021 -2022 في قرية السويدة الواقعة شرق محافظة الرقة. هدف البحث إلى دراسة تأثير التسميد العضوي ومستوى الري في بعض الخواص الفيزيائية وإنتاجية الذرة الصفراء في التربة الرملية. صممت التجربة بطريقة القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة بطريقة القطع المنشقة، شغلت القطع المنشقة معاملتي ري 70%و100% من السعة الحقلية، وتم توزيع المعاملات الأخرى (كومبوست قمامة المدن، سماد الأغنام، السماد المعدني والشاهد) عشوائيا ضمن معاملتي الري. بينت الدراسة تفوق معاملات الأسمدة العضوية معنوياً على باقي المعاملات في قيم المسامية الكلية والإنتاجية الكلية حيث كانت معاملة كومبوست القمامة الأفضل في رفع إنتاجية محصول الذرة الصفراء بلغت (6.855) طن \هكتار وبزيادة بلغت 35%مقارنة بالشاهد وذلك عند مستوى الري 70%. بينت النتائج أيضاَ بإمكانية الحصول على نتائج متقاربة من الإنتاجية الكلية مع إمكانية خفض الكمية المستهلكة من مياه الري بنسبة 30% مقارنة مع الشاهد كما أن الإضافات العضوية أدت إلى خفض قيم الكثافتين الظاهرية والحقيقية وبنسبة وصلت إلى 29-28% مما انعكس إيجاباً على بناء التربة وثبات التجمعات الترابية وزيادة قدرة التربة على الاحتفاظ بالماء، ومن ناحية أخرى أدت الإضافات العضوية إلى تحسّن قيم المسامية الكلية للتربة الرملية.
المراجع
• شاهرلي، مخلص؛ الأوبري، خالد؛ نابلسي، غسان ومولوي، بسام.(1995). أولويات حفظ المصادر الوراثية البرية في سوريا، دمشق، سوريا.
المراجع باللغة الأجنبية:
• Ahmad KS, Hameed M, Fatima S, Ashraf M, Ahmad F, Naseer M, et al. Morpho-anatomical and physiological adaptations to high altitude in some Aveneae grasses from Neelum Valley, Western Himalayan Kashmir. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2016;38(4). 10.1007/s11738-016-2114-x.
• Ahmad KS, Hameed M, Hamid A, Nawaz F, Kiani BH, Ahmad MSA, et al. Beating cold by being tough: impact of elevation on leaf characteristics in Phleum himalaicum Mez. endemic to Himalaya. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2018;40(3):56 10.1007/s11738-018-2637-4.
• Anttila, H., and T. Sontag. (2008). Viscosity of beta-glucan in oat products. Agric. and food Sci., 13(1-2): 80-87.
• Bahar, Bilge.(2014) Relationships among flag leaf chlorophyll content, agronomical traits, and some physiological traits of winter wheat genotypes.
• Barry RG. Mountain Weather and Climate. London Methuen; 1981.
• Basiouny, F. M., Van, T. K., and Biggs, R. H., 1978, Some morphological and biochemical characteristics ofC3 and C4 plants irradiated with UV-B, Physiol. Plant. 42:29-32.
• Baum, M., Grando, S., Backes, G., Jahoor, A., Sabbagh, A. and Ceccarelli, S.(2003). QTLs for agronomic traits in the Mediterranean environment identified in recombianant inbred lines of the cross ‘Arta’ x H. spontaneum 41-1. Theor. Appl. Genet. 107: 1215- 1225.
• Beckie H. J. and Shirriff S. Site-specific wild oat (Avena fatua L.) management Can. J. Plant Sci. 2012 92 923 931.
• Belles D. S., Thill D. C., and Shafii B. PP-604 rate and Avena fatua density effects on seed production and viability in Hordeum vulgare Weed Sci. 2000 48 378 384.
• Cho, Lae-Hyeon & Yoon, Jinmi & An, Gynheung. (2016). The control of flowering time by environmental factors. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology. 90. 10.1111/tpj.13461.
• Faechner T. and Hall L. M. Landscape influence on wild oat (Avena fatua) distribution Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 2000 40 101 102.
• Fu, Y. B., Li, P., & Biligetu, B. (2019). Developing Chloroplast Genomic Resources from 25 Avena Species for the Characterization of Oat Wild Relative Germplasm. Plants, 8(11), 438.
• Hobbs R. J. and Atkins L. Effect of disturbance and nutrient addition on native and introduced annuals in plant communities in the Western Australian wheatbelt Aust. J. Ecol. 1988 13 171 179.
• Hugh J. Beckie , Ardath Francis , and Linda M. Hall (2012). The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 27. Avena fatua L.
• Kaziu Isuf, Kashta Foto, Celam Asllan. (2019) Estimation of Grain Yield, Grain Components and Correlations between Them in some Oat Cultivars
• Kemp CD (1960). Methods of estimating The leaf area of grasses from linear measurements. Ann. Botany. Lond. 24 (96): 491 – 499.
• Khan I., Hassan G., Khan M. I., Khan N. U., and Marwat K. B. Agronomic and polymorphism study of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) biotypes at DNA level Pak. J. Bot. 2010 42 1841 1848.
• Körner C. Alpine plant life: functional plant ecology of high mountain ecosystems Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Verlag; 2003.
• Körner C. The use of ‘altitude’ in ecological research. Trends Ecol Evol. 2007;22(11):569–74. 10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.006.
• Kumari, Tanvi & Jindal, Yogesh & Singh, Satpal. (2017). ESTIMATES OF GENETIC VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADVANCE IN OATS (AVENA SP.) FOR SEED AND FODDER YIELD TRAITS. 43. 110-115.
• Lane, A. (2007). An introduction to crop wild relatives, Geneflow, Publication about Agricultural Biodiversity, Bioversity International, p:19.
• Li R., Wang S., Duan L., Li Z., Christoffers M. J., and Mengistu L. W. Genetic diversity of wild oat (Avena fatua) populations from China and the United States Weed Sci. 2007 55 95 101.
• Liu, Q., Lin, L., Zhou, X., Peterson, P. M., & Wen, J. (2017). Unraveling the evolutionary dynamics of ancient and recent polyploidization events in Avena (Poaceae). Scientific reports, 7, 41944.
• Loskutov I. G. On evolutionary pathways of Avena species Genet. Resour. Crop Ecol. 2008 55 211 220.
• Loskutov, I.G., Rines, H.W. (2011). Avena. In: Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources; Kole, C., Ed.; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 109–183.
• Malmstrom C. M., McCullough A. J., Johnson H. A., Newton L. A., and Borer E. T. Invasive annual grasses indirectly increase virus incidence in California native perennial bunchgrasses Oecologia 2005 145 153 164.
• Miller S. D., Nalewaja J. D., and Mulder C. E. G. Morphological and physiological variation in wild oat Agron. J. 1982 74 771 775.
• Morikawa T., Sumiya M., and Kuriyama S. Transfer of new dwarfing genes from the weed species Avena fatua into cultivated oat A. byzantina Plant Breed. 2007 126 30 35.
• Morrow LA, Gealy DR, 1982. Studies on the biology of wild oat. Proceedings of the Western Society of Weed Science, Volume 35:85-86.
• Murali, N. S., Teramura, A. H., and Randall, S. K., 1988, Response differences between two soybean cultivars with contrasting UV-B radiation sensitivities, Photochem. Photobiol. 48: 653-657.
• Mut, Zeki & Erbaş Köse, Özge & Akay, Hasan. (2016). Grain Yield and Some Quality Traits of Different Oat (Avena sativa L.) Genotypes. 2. 83-88.
• Peters N. C. B. Competitive effects of Avena fatua L. plants derived from seeds of different weights Weed Res. 1985 25 67 77.
• Peterson, D.M., Wesenberg, D.M., Burrup, D. E., C.A. Erickson. )2005). Relationships among agronomic traits and graincomposition in oat genotypes grown in different environments. Crop Sci. 45: 1249-1255.
• Pilon, D.J. and C.L. Criscuolo. 2009. Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Photobiology. www.vitamindwiki.com/tiki-download (diakses 26 November 2011).
• Povey F. D., Smith H., and Watt T. A. Predation of annual grass weed seeds in arable field margins Ann. Appl. Biol. 1993 122 323 328.
• Rocha, T. C. ; and A. Lebert (1993). Effect of Drying temperature and Blanching on the Degradation of Chlorophyll a and b in ment (Mentha spicata Huds.) and Basil (Ocimum bacilicum): Analysis by high Performance liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detction. Chromatographia. Vol 36, P 152.
• Saric, M.; Kastrori R.; Curic R.; Cupina T.; and Geric, I. (1996). ,, Chlorophyll Determination ,, .Univ.Unovev Sadu Par Ktikum is Fiziologize Bilijaka, Beogard, Hauncna, Anjiga,P.215.
• Seabloom E. W., Borer E. T., Jolles A., and Mitchell C. E. Direct and indirect effects of viral pathogens and the environment on invasive grass fecundity in Pacific Coast grasslands J. Ecol. 2009 97 1264 1273.
• Sebastian Gnan, Anne Priest, and Paula X. Kover The Genetic Basis of Natural Variation in Seed Size and Seed Number and Their Trade-Off Using Arabidopsis thaliana MAGIC Lines.
• Sharma M. P. and Vanden Born W. H. The biology of Canadian weeds. 27. Avena fatua L Can. J. Plant Sci. 1978 58 141 157.
• Shepherd T, Griffiths DW. The effects of stress on plant cuticular waxes. New Phytol. 2006;171(3):469–99. 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01826.x
• Slavin, J., L. Marquart, Jacobs Jr,. D. (2000)."Consumption of whole-grain foods and decreased risk of cancer: proposed mechanisms." Cereal Foods World., 45(2): 54-58
• Somody CN, Nalewaja JD, Miller SD, 1980. Daylength and temperature effects on wild oats growth and dormancy. Proceedings North Central Weed Control Conference. 1980, Volume 35. USA: North Dakota State Univ.
• Somody CN, Nalewaja JD, Miller SD, 1981. Morphological characteristics and dormancy of 1200 wild oat selections. Proceedings North Central Weed Control Conference, 1981, Volume 36:34.
• Somody C. N., Nalewaja J. D., and Miller S. D. The response of wild oat (Avena fatua) and Avena sterilis accessions to photoperiod and temperature Weed Sci. 1984 32 206 213.
• Tevini, M., Steinmiiller, D., and Iwanzik, W., 1986, Uber die Wirkung erhohter UV-B-Strahlung in kombination mit anderen Stressfaktoren aufWachstum und Funktion von Nutzpflanzen, BPT-Bericht, Gesellschaft for Strahlen- und Umweltjorschung, Miinchen 6/86: 1-172.
• Thill D. C. and Mallory-Smith C. A. The nature and consequence of weed spread in cropping systems Weed Sci. 1997 45 337 342.
• Van Acker R. C., Bullied W. J., and du Croix Sissons M. J. Tillage index predicts weed seedling recruitment depth Can. J. Plant Sci. 2004 84 319 326.
• Yuan L., Ming Y., Xun-Ling W., and Zhi-De H. Competition and sensitivity of wheat and wild oat exposed to enhanced UV-B radiation at different densities under field conditions Environ. Exp. Bot. 1999 41 47 55.
المراجع باللغة الأجنبية:
• Ahmad KS, Hameed M, Fatima S, Ashraf M, Ahmad F, Naseer M, et al. Morpho-anatomical and physiological adaptations to high altitude in some Aveneae grasses from Neelum Valley, Western Himalayan Kashmir. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2016;38(4). 10.1007/s11738-016-2114-x.
• Ahmad KS, Hameed M, Hamid A, Nawaz F, Kiani BH, Ahmad MSA, et al. Beating cold by being tough: impact of elevation on leaf characteristics in Phleum himalaicum Mez. endemic to Himalaya. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 2018;40(3):56 10.1007/s11738-018-2637-4.
• Anttila, H., and T. Sontag. (2008). Viscosity of beta-glucan in oat products. Agric. and food Sci., 13(1-2): 80-87.
• Bahar, Bilge.(2014) Relationships among flag leaf chlorophyll content, agronomical traits, and some physiological traits of winter wheat genotypes.
• Barry RG. Mountain Weather and Climate. London Methuen; 1981.
• Basiouny, F. M., Van, T. K., and Biggs, R. H., 1978, Some morphological and biochemical characteristics ofC3 and C4 plants irradiated with UV-B, Physiol. Plant. 42:29-32.
• Baum, M., Grando, S., Backes, G., Jahoor, A., Sabbagh, A. and Ceccarelli, S.(2003). QTLs for agronomic traits in the Mediterranean environment identified in recombianant inbred lines of the cross ‘Arta’ x H. spontaneum 41-1. Theor. Appl. Genet. 107: 1215- 1225.
• Beckie H. J. and Shirriff S. Site-specific wild oat (Avena fatua L.) management Can. J. Plant Sci. 2012 92 923 931.
• Belles D. S., Thill D. C., and Shafii B. PP-604 rate and Avena fatua density effects on seed production and viability in Hordeum vulgare Weed Sci. 2000 48 378 384.
• Cho, Lae-Hyeon & Yoon, Jinmi & An, Gynheung. (2016). The control of flowering time by environmental factors. The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology. 90. 10.1111/tpj.13461.
• Faechner T. and Hall L. M. Landscape influence on wild oat (Avena fatua) distribution Weed Sci. Soc. Am. Abstr. 2000 40 101 102.
• Fu, Y. B., Li, P., & Biligetu, B. (2019). Developing Chloroplast Genomic Resources from 25 Avena Species for the Characterization of Oat Wild Relative Germplasm. Plants, 8(11), 438.
• Hobbs R. J. and Atkins L. Effect of disturbance and nutrient addition on native and introduced annuals in plant communities in the Western Australian wheatbelt Aust. J. Ecol. 1988 13 171 179.
• Hugh J. Beckie , Ardath Francis , and Linda M. Hall (2012). The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 27. Avena fatua L.
• Kaziu Isuf, Kashta Foto, Celam Asllan. (2019) Estimation of Grain Yield, Grain Components and Correlations between Them in some Oat Cultivars
• Kemp CD (1960). Methods of estimating The leaf area of grasses from linear measurements. Ann. Botany. Lond. 24 (96): 491 – 499.
• Khan I., Hassan G., Khan M. I., Khan N. U., and Marwat K. B. Agronomic and polymorphism study of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) biotypes at DNA level Pak. J. Bot. 2010 42 1841 1848.
• Körner C. Alpine plant life: functional plant ecology of high mountain ecosystems Berlin/Heidelberg: Springer Verlag; 2003.
• Körner C. The use of ‘altitude’ in ecological research. Trends Ecol Evol. 2007;22(11):569–74. 10.1016/j.tree.2007.09.006.
• Kumari, Tanvi & Jindal, Yogesh & Singh, Satpal. (2017). ESTIMATES OF GENETIC VARIABILITY, HERITABILITY AND GENETIC ADVANCE IN OATS (AVENA SP.) FOR SEED AND FODDER YIELD TRAITS. 43. 110-115.
• Lane, A. (2007). An introduction to crop wild relatives, Geneflow, Publication about Agricultural Biodiversity, Bioversity International, p:19.
• Li R., Wang S., Duan L., Li Z., Christoffers M. J., and Mengistu L. W. Genetic diversity of wild oat (Avena fatua) populations from China and the United States Weed Sci. 2007 55 95 101.
• Liu, Q., Lin, L., Zhou, X., Peterson, P. M., & Wen, J. (2017). Unraveling the evolutionary dynamics of ancient and recent polyploidization events in Avena (Poaceae). Scientific reports, 7, 41944.
• Loskutov I. G. On evolutionary pathways of Avena species Genet. Resour. Crop Ecol. 2008 55 211 220.
• Loskutov, I.G., Rines, H.W. (2011). Avena. In: Wild Crop Relatives: Genomic and Breeding Resources; Kole, C., Ed.; Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, pp. 109–183.
• Malmstrom C. M., McCullough A. J., Johnson H. A., Newton L. A., and Borer E. T. Invasive annual grasses indirectly increase virus incidence in California native perennial bunchgrasses Oecologia 2005 145 153 164.
• Miller S. D., Nalewaja J. D., and Mulder C. E. G. Morphological and physiological variation in wild oat Agron. J. 1982 74 771 775.
• Morikawa T., Sumiya M., and Kuriyama S. Transfer of new dwarfing genes from the weed species Avena fatua into cultivated oat A. byzantina Plant Breed. 2007 126 30 35.
• Morrow LA, Gealy DR, 1982. Studies on the biology of wild oat. Proceedings of the Western Society of Weed Science, Volume 35:85-86.
• Murali, N. S., Teramura, A. H., and Randall, S. K., 1988, Response differences between two soybean cultivars with contrasting UV-B radiation sensitivities, Photochem. Photobiol. 48: 653-657.
• Mut, Zeki & Erbaş Köse, Özge & Akay, Hasan. (2016). Grain Yield and Some Quality Traits of Different Oat (Avena sativa L.) Genotypes. 2. 83-88.
• Peters N. C. B. Competitive effects of Avena fatua L. plants derived from seeds of different weights Weed Res. 1985 25 67 77.
• Peterson, D.M., Wesenberg, D.M., Burrup, D. E., C.A. Erickson. )2005). Relationships among agronomic traits and graincomposition in oat genotypes grown in different environments. Crop Sci. 45: 1249-1255.
• Pilon, D.J. and C.L. Criscuolo. 2009. Effects of Ultraviolet-B Radiation on Photobiology. www.vitamindwiki.com/tiki-download (diakses 26 November 2011).
• Povey F. D., Smith H., and Watt T. A. Predation of annual grass weed seeds in arable field margins Ann. Appl. Biol. 1993 122 323 328.
• Rocha, T. C. ; and A. Lebert (1993). Effect of Drying temperature and Blanching on the Degradation of Chlorophyll a and b in ment (Mentha spicata Huds.) and Basil (Ocimum bacilicum): Analysis by high Performance liquid Chromatography with Photodiode Array Detction. Chromatographia. Vol 36, P 152.
• Saric, M.; Kastrori R.; Curic R.; Cupina T.; and Geric, I. (1996). ,, Chlorophyll Determination ,, .Univ.Unovev Sadu Par Ktikum is Fiziologize Bilijaka, Beogard, Hauncna, Anjiga,P.215.
• Seabloom E. W., Borer E. T., Jolles A., and Mitchell C. E. Direct and indirect effects of viral pathogens and the environment on invasive grass fecundity in Pacific Coast grasslands J. Ecol. 2009 97 1264 1273.
• Sebastian Gnan, Anne Priest, and Paula X. Kover The Genetic Basis of Natural Variation in Seed Size and Seed Number and Their Trade-Off Using Arabidopsis thaliana MAGIC Lines.
• Sharma M. P. and Vanden Born W. H. The biology of Canadian weeds. 27. Avena fatua L Can. J. Plant Sci. 1978 58 141 157.
• Shepherd T, Griffiths DW. The effects of stress on plant cuticular waxes. New Phytol. 2006;171(3):469–99. 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01826.x
• Slavin, J., L. Marquart, Jacobs Jr,. D. (2000)."Consumption of whole-grain foods and decreased risk of cancer: proposed mechanisms." Cereal Foods World., 45(2): 54-58
• Somody CN, Nalewaja JD, Miller SD, 1980. Daylength and temperature effects on wild oats growth and dormancy. Proceedings North Central Weed Control Conference. 1980, Volume 35. USA: North Dakota State Univ.
• Somody CN, Nalewaja JD, Miller SD, 1981. Morphological characteristics and dormancy of 1200 wild oat selections. Proceedings North Central Weed Control Conference, 1981, Volume 36:34.
• Somody C. N., Nalewaja J. D., and Miller S. D. The response of wild oat (Avena fatua) and Avena sterilis accessions to photoperiod and temperature Weed Sci. 1984 32 206 213.
• Tevini, M., Steinmiiller, D., and Iwanzik, W., 1986, Uber die Wirkung erhohter UV-B-Strahlung in kombination mit anderen Stressfaktoren aufWachstum und Funktion von Nutzpflanzen, BPT-Bericht, Gesellschaft for Strahlen- und Umweltjorschung, Miinchen 6/86: 1-172.
• Thill D. C. and Mallory-Smith C. A. The nature and consequence of weed spread in cropping systems Weed Sci. 1997 45 337 342.
• Van Acker R. C., Bullied W. J., and du Croix Sissons M. J. Tillage index predicts weed seedling recruitment depth Can. J. Plant Sci. 2004 84 319 326.
• Yuan L., Ming Y., Xun-Ling W., and Zhi-De H. Competition and sensitivity of wheat and wild oat exposed to enhanced UV-B radiation at different densities under field conditions Environ. Exp. Bot. 1999 41 47 55.
منشور
2024-02-29
القسم
قسم هندسة الزراعية
