دراسة سريرية شعاعية مقارنة بين استخدام الخزف الحيوي BIOCERAMIC ومادة MTA في بتر اللب في الأسنان الدائمة المصابة بالتهاب لب
الكلمات المفتاحية:
بتر لب حيوي – أسنان دائمة _ MTA - BC–التهاب لب.
الملخص
هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى إجراء تقييم سريري وشعاعي لبتر لب الأسنان الدّائمة المُصابة بالتهاب لب حاد وذلك باستخدام مادتي BC وMTA. ومراقبة الأسنان مُدَّة عام كامل لمعرفة مدى نجاح هذه المعالجات.
مواد البحث وطرائقه: تألفت عينة البحث من عشرين سن دائم مصاب بالتهاب لب لدى ستة عشر مريض.
وكانت الأسنان في عينة البحث مقسمةً إلى مجموعتين رئيستين اثنتين متساويتين وفقاً لطريقة المعالجة المتبعة (بتر اللب باستخدام BC ، بتر اللب باستخدام مادة MTA).
تمَّ تقييم المعالجات من خلال مراجعات دورية للمرضى وإجراء فحص سريري وشعاعي للسن المعالجة لتقييم نجاح المعالجة. خلال فترات مراقبة متتالية 6 أشهر – 12 شهر.
النتائج: بينت هذه الدراسة عدم وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في تكرارات نتائج التقييم السريري والشعاعي بين مجموعة BC ومجموعة MTA ، في كل من الفترات الزمنية المدروسة (بعد ستة أشهر ، بعد سنة واحدة)
الاستنتاجات : أظهر بتر اللب الحيوي باستخدام BC و MTA معدل نجاح مرتفعًا (80% MTA و 90% BC )بعد فترة مراقبة مدتها عام واحد في الأسنان الدائمة التي تعاني من التهاب لب و بناءً على معطيات هذه الدراسة يمكن لبتر اللب الحيوي باستخدام مواد التحريض الحيوية Bioactive Materials أن يكون بديلاً مرحلياً أو دائماً للمعالجة اللبية التقليدية .
المراجع
1. Aguilar, P. and P. Linsuwanont (2011). "Vital pulp therapy in vital permanent teeth with cariously exposed pulp: a systematic review." J Endod 37(5): 581-587.
2. Akhlaghi, N. and A. Khademi (2015). "Outcomes of vital pulp therapy in permanent teeth with different medicaments based on review of the literature." Dental research journal 12(5): 406.
3. Alqaderi, H. E., S. A. Al-Mutawa and M. A. Qudeimat (2014). "MTA pulpotomy as an alternative to root canal treatment in children's permanent teeth in a dental public health setting." Journal of dentistry 42(11): 1390-1395.
4. Asgary, S., M. Fazlyab, S. Sabbagh and M. J. Eghbal (2014). "Outcomes of different vital pulp therapy techniques on symptomatic permanent teeth: a case series." Iran Endod J 9(4): 295-300.
5. Basmadjian-Charles, C., P. Farge, D. Bourgeois and T. Lebrun (2002). "Factors influencing the long-term results of endodontic treatment: a review of the literature." International Dental Journal 52(2): 81-86.
6. Brizuela, C., A. Ormeño, C. Cabrera, R. Cabezas, C. I. Silva, V. Ramírez and M. Mercade (2017). "Direct Pulp Capping with Calcium Hydroxide, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, and Biodentine in Permanent Young Teeth with Caries: A Randomized Clinical Trial." J Endod 43(11): 1776-1780.
7. Chin, J., M. Thomas, M. Locke and P. Dummer (2016). "A survey of dental practitioners in Wales to evaluate the management of deep carious lesions with vital pulp therapy in permanent teeth." British Dental Journal 221(6): 331-338.
8. Chisini, L. A., M. C. M. Conde, M. B. Correa, R. V. F. Dantas, A. F. Silva, F. G. Pappen and F. F. Demarco (2015). "Vital pulp therapies in clinical practice: findings from a survey with dentist in Southern Brazil." Brazilian dental journal 26: 566-571.
9. Dammaschke, T., A. Nowicka, M. Lipski and D. Ricucci (2019). "Histological evaluation of hard tissue formation after direct pulp capping with a fast-setting mineral trioxide aggregate (RetroMTA) in humans." Clinical oral investigations 23(12): 4289-4299.
10. Endodontists, A. A. E. (2003). Glossary of endodontic terms, American Association of Endodontists.
11. Morotomi, T., A. Washio and C. Kitamura (2019). "Current and future options for dental pulp therapy." Jpn Dent Sci Rev 55(1): 5-11.
12. Parirokh, M. and M. Torabinejad (2010). "Mineral trioxide aggregate: a comprehensive literature review--Part I: chemical, physical, and antibacterial properties." J Endod 36(1): 16-27.
13. Rajasekharan, S., L. C. Martens, R. Cauwels and R. P. Anthonappa (2018). "Biodentine™ material characteristics and clinical applications: a 3 year literature review and update." Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 19(1): 1-22.
14. Ricucci, D., S. Loghin and J. F. Siqueira, Jr. (2014). "Correlation between clinical and histologic pulp diagnoses." J Endod 40(12): 1932-1939.
15. Schmalz, G. and A. J. Smith (2014). "Pulp development, repair, and regeneration: challenges of the transition from traditional dentistry to biologically based therapies." J Endod 40(4 Suppl): S2-5.
16. Simon, S., M. Perard, M. Zanini, A. J. Smith, E. Charpentier, S. X. Djole and P. J. Lumley (2013). "Should pulp chamber pulpotomy be seen as a permanent treatment? Some preliminary thoughts." Int Endod J 46(1): 79-87.
17. Stangvaltaite, L., F. Schwendicke, C. Holmgren, M. Finet, M. Maltz, K. Elhennawy, E. Kerosuo and S. Doméjean (2017). "Management of pulps exposed during carious tissue removal in adults: a multi-national questionnaire-based survey." Clinical Oral Investigations 21(7): 2303-2309.
18. Taha, N. A. and M. A. Khazali (2017). "Partial Pulpotomy in Mature Permanent Teeth with Clinical Signs Indicative of Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial." J Endod 43(9): 1417-1421.
19. Vargas, K. G., A. B. Fuks and B. Peretz (2016). Pulpotomy techniques: cervical (traditional) and partial. Pediatric Endodontics, Springer: 51-70.
20. Fink A (1995) How to Ask Survey Questions. London: SAGE publications Ltd.
21. " (Guideline on pulp therapy for primary and young permanent teeth." Pediatr Dent 30(7
Suppl): 170-174 .
22. Akhlaghi, N. and A. Khademi (2015). "Outcomes of vital pulp therapy in permanent teeth with
different medicaments based on review of the literature." Dental research journal 12(5): 406 .
23. Asgary, S., M. J. Eghbal, M. Parirokh, F. Ghanavati and H. Rahimi (2008). "A comparative
study of histologic response to different pulp capping materials and a novel endodontic cement."
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine ,Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 106(4): 609-
614 .
24. Asgary, S., M. Fazlyab, S. Sabbagh and M. J. Eghbal (2014). "Outcomes of different vital pulp
therapy techniques on symptomatic permanent teeth: a case series." Iran Endod J 9(4): 295-
300 .
25. Basmadjian-Charles, C., P. Farge, D. Bourgeois and T. Lebrun (2002). "Factors influencing the
long-term results of endodontic treatment: a review of the literature." International Dental Journal
52(2): 81-86.
26. Best, S., A. Porter, E. Thian and J. Huang " .)2008( Bioceramics: Past, present and for the
future." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 28(7): 1319-1327 .
27. Bjørndal, L. (2008). "The caries process and its effect on the pulp: the science is changing and
so is our understanding." Journal of endodontics 34(7): S2-S5 .
28. Brizuela, C., A. Ormeño, C. Cabrera, R. Cabezas, C. I. Silva, V. Ramírez and M. Mercade
(2017). "Direct Pulp Capping with Calcium Hydroxide, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, and
Biodentine in Permanent Young Teeth with Caries: A Randomized Clinical Trial." J Endod
43(11): 1776-1780 .
29. Chailertvanitkul, P., J. Paphangkorakit, N. Sooksantisakoonchai, N. Pumas, W. Pairojamornyoot,
N. Leela-Apiradee and P. V. Abbott (2014). "Randomized control trial comparing calcium
hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate for partial pulpotomies in cariously exposed pulps of
permanent molars." Int Endod J 47(9): 835-842 .
30. Dammaschke, T., A. Nowicka, M. Lipski and D. Ricucci (2019). "Histological evaluation of hard
tissue formation after direct pulp capping with a fast-setting mineral trioxide aggregate
(RetroMTA) in humans." Clinical oral investigations 23(12): 4289-4299 .
31. Dummer, P., R. Hicks and D. Huws (1980). "Clinical signs and symptoms in pulp disease."
International Endodontic Journal 13(1): 27-35 .
32. Endodontists, A. A. o. (2003). Glossary of endodontic terms, American Association of
Endodontists.
33. Galler, K. M., W. Buchalla, K.-A. Hiller, M. Federlin, A. Eidt, M. Schiefersteiner and G.
Schmalz (2015). "Influence of root canal disinfectants on growth factor release from dentin."
Journal of endodontics 41(3): 363-368.
34. Ginebra, M.-P., E. Fernandez, E. De Maeyer, R. Verbeeck, M. Boltong, J. Ginebra, F.
Driessens and J. Planell (1997). "Setting reaction and hardening of an apatitic calcium
phosphate cement." Journal of dental research 76(4): 905-912 .
35. Hench, L. L. (1991). "Bioceramics: from concept to clinic." Journal of the american ceramic
society 74(7): 1487-1510.
36. Koch, K. and D. Brave (2009). "The increased use of bioceramics in endodontics." Dentaltown
10: 39 .43-
37. Loushine, B. A., T. E. Bryan, S. W. Looney, B. M. Gillen, R. J. Loushine, R. N. Weller, D. H.
Pashley and F. R. Tay (2011). "Setting properties and cytotoxicity evaluation of a premixed
bioceramic root canal sealer." Journal of endodontics 37(5): 673 .677 -
38. Macwan, C. and A. Deshpande (2014). "Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in dentistry: A review
of literature." Journal of Oral Research and Review 6(2): 71 .
39. Mente, J., S. Hufnagel, M. Leo, A. Michel, H. Gehrig, D. Panagidis, D. Saure and T. Pfefferle
" .)2014(Treatment outcome of mineral trioxide aggregate or calcium hydroxide direct pulp
capping: long-term results." Journal of Endodontics 40(11): 1746-1751 .
40. Parirokh, M. and M. Torabinejad (2010). "Mineral trioxide aggregate: a comprehensive literature
review—part III: clinical applications, drawbacks, and mechanism of action." Journal of
endodontics 36(3): 400-413 .
41. Rajasekharan, S., L. C. Martens, R. Cauwels and R. P. Anthonappa (2018). "Biodentine™
material characteristics and clinical applications :a 3 year literature review and update." Eur Arch
Paediatr Dent 19(1): 1-22.
42. Ricucci, D., S. Loghin and J. F. Siqueira, Jr. (2014). "Correlation between clinical and histologic
pulp diagnoses." J Endod 40(12): 1932-1939 .
Journal of Hama university _vol**_No**_20 20_**العدد**_المجلد_حماه جامعة مجلة
18
43. Schmalz, G. and A. J. Smith" .)2014( Pulp development, repair, and regeneration: challenges of
the transition from traditional dentistry to biologically based therapies." J Endod 40(4 Suppl):
S2-5 .
44. Simon, S., M. Perard, M. Zanini, A. Smith, E. Charpentier, S. Djole and P. Lumley (2013).
"Should pulp chamber pulpotomy be seen as a permanent treatment? Some preliminary
thoughts." International endodontic journal 46(1): 79-87 .
45. Simon, S., M. Perard, M. Zanini, A. J. Smith, E. Charpentier, S. X. Djole and P. J. Lumley
(2013). "Should pulp chamber pulpotomy be seen as a permanent treatment? Some preliminary
thoughts." Int Endod J 46(1): 79-87 .
46. Simon, S., A. J. Smith, P. J. Lumley, P. R. Cooper and A. Berdal (2012). "The pulp healing
process: from generation to regeneration." Endodontic Topics 26 .56 -41 :)1(
47. Song, M., M. Kang, H. C. Kim and E. Kim (2015). "A randomized controlled study of the use of
ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate and Endocem as direct pulp capping materials." J Endod
41(1): 11-15.
48. Taha, N. A. and M. A. Khazali (2017). "Partial Pulpotomy in Mature Permanent Teeth with
Clinical Signs Indicative of Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial." J Endod 43(9):
1417-1421 .
49. Witherspoon, D. E. (2008). "Vital pulp therapy with new materials: new directions and treatment
perspectives--permanent teeth." J Endod 34(7 Suppl): S25-28 .
50. Zhang, H., Y. Shen, N. D. Ruse and M. Haapasalo (2009). "Antibacterial activity of endodontic
sealers by modified direct contact test against Enterococcus faecalis." Journal of endodontics
35(7): 1051-10.55
2. Akhlaghi, N. and A. Khademi (2015). "Outcomes of vital pulp therapy in permanent teeth with different medicaments based on review of the literature." Dental research journal 12(5): 406.
3. Alqaderi, H. E., S. A. Al-Mutawa and M. A. Qudeimat (2014). "MTA pulpotomy as an alternative to root canal treatment in children's permanent teeth in a dental public health setting." Journal of dentistry 42(11): 1390-1395.
4. Asgary, S., M. Fazlyab, S. Sabbagh and M. J. Eghbal (2014). "Outcomes of different vital pulp therapy techniques on symptomatic permanent teeth: a case series." Iran Endod J 9(4): 295-300.
5. Basmadjian-Charles, C., P. Farge, D. Bourgeois and T. Lebrun (2002). "Factors influencing the long-term results of endodontic treatment: a review of the literature." International Dental Journal 52(2): 81-86.
6. Brizuela, C., A. Ormeño, C. Cabrera, R. Cabezas, C. I. Silva, V. Ramírez and M. Mercade (2017). "Direct Pulp Capping with Calcium Hydroxide, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, and Biodentine in Permanent Young Teeth with Caries: A Randomized Clinical Trial." J Endod 43(11): 1776-1780.
7. Chin, J., M. Thomas, M. Locke and P. Dummer (2016). "A survey of dental practitioners in Wales to evaluate the management of deep carious lesions with vital pulp therapy in permanent teeth." British Dental Journal 221(6): 331-338.
8. Chisini, L. A., M. C. M. Conde, M. B. Correa, R. V. F. Dantas, A. F. Silva, F. G. Pappen and F. F. Demarco (2015). "Vital pulp therapies in clinical practice: findings from a survey with dentist in Southern Brazil." Brazilian dental journal 26: 566-571.
9. Dammaschke, T., A. Nowicka, M. Lipski and D. Ricucci (2019). "Histological evaluation of hard tissue formation after direct pulp capping with a fast-setting mineral trioxide aggregate (RetroMTA) in humans." Clinical oral investigations 23(12): 4289-4299.
10. Endodontists, A. A. E. (2003). Glossary of endodontic terms, American Association of Endodontists.
11. Morotomi, T., A. Washio and C. Kitamura (2019). "Current and future options for dental pulp therapy." Jpn Dent Sci Rev 55(1): 5-11.
12. Parirokh, M. and M. Torabinejad (2010). "Mineral trioxide aggregate: a comprehensive literature review--Part I: chemical, physical, and antibacterial properties." J Endod 36(1): 16-27.
13. Rajasekharan, S., L. C. Martens, R. Cauwels and R. P. Anthonappa (2018). "Biodentine™ material characteristics and clinical applications: a 3 year literature review and update." Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 19(1): 1-22.
14. Ricucci, D., S. Loghin and J. F. Siqueira, Jr. (2014). "Correlation between clinical and histologic pulp diagnoses." J Endod 40(12): 1932-1939.
15. Schmalz, G. and A. J. Smith (2014). "Pulp development, repair, and regeneration: challenges of the transition from traditional dentistry to biologically based therapies." J Endod 40(4 Suppl): S2-5.
16. Simon, S., M. Perard, M. Zanini, A. J. Smith, E. Charpentier, S. X. Djole and P. J. Lumley (2013). "Should pulp chamber pulpotomy be seen as a permanent treatment? Some preliminary thoughts." Int Endod J 46(1): 79-87.
17. Stangvaltaite, L., F. Schwendicke, C. Holmgren, M. Finet, M. Maltz, K. Elhennawy, E. Kerosuo and S. Doméjean (2017). "Management of pulps exposed during carious tissue removal in adults: a multi-national questionnaire-based survey." Clinical Oral Investigations 21(7): 2303-2309.
18. Taha, N. A. and M. A. Khazali (2017). "Partial Pulpotomy in Mature Permanent Teeth with Clinical Signs Indicative of Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial." J Endod 43(9): 1417-1421.
19. Vargas, K. G., A. B. Fuks and B. Peretz (2016). Pulpotomy techniques: cervical (traditional) and partial. Pediatric Endodontics, Springer: 51-70.
20. Fink A (1995) How to Ask Survey Questions. London: SAGE publications Ltd.
21. " (Guideline on pulp therapy for primary and young permanent teeth." Pediatr Dent 30(7
Suppl): 170-174 .
22. Akhlaghi, N. and A. Khademi (2015). "Outcomes of vital pulp therapy in permanent teeth with
different medicaments based on review of the literature." Dental research journal 12(5): 406 .
23. Asgary, S., M. J. Eghbal, M. Parirokh, F. Ghanavati and H. Rahimi (2008). "A comparative
study of histologic response to different pulp capping materials and a novel endodontic cement."
Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine ,Oral Pathology, Oral Radiology, and Endodontology 106(4): 609-
614 .
24. Asgary, S., M. Fazlyab, S. Sabbagh and M. J. Eghbal (2014). "Outcomes of different vital pulp
therapy techniques on symptomatic permanent teeth: a case series." Iran Endod J 9(4): 295-
300 .
25. Basmadjian-Charles, C., P. Farge, D. Bourgeois and T. Lebrun (2002). "Factors influencing the
long-term results of endodontic treatment: a review of the literature." International Dental Journal
52(2): 81-86.
26. Best, S., A. Porter, E. Thian and J. Huang " .)2008( Bioceramics: Past, present and for the
future." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 28(7): 1319-1327 .
27. Bjørndal, L. (2008). "The caries process and its effect on the pulp: the science is changing and
so is our understanding." Journal of endodontics 34(7): S2-S5 .
28. Brizuela, C., A. Ormeño, C. Cabrera, R. Cabezas, C. I. Silva, V. Ramírez and M. Mercade
(2017). "Direct Pulp Capping with Calcium Hydroxide, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, and
Biodentine in Permanent Young Teeth with Caries: A Randomized Clinical Trial." J Endod
43(11): 1776-1780 .
29. Chailertvanitkul, P., J. Paphangkorakit, N. Sooksantisakoonchai, N. Pumas, W. Pairojamornyoot,
N. Leela-Apiradee and P. V. Abbott (2014). "Randomized control trial comparing calcium
hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate for partial pulpotomies in cariously exposed pulps of
permanent molars." Int Endod J 47(9): 835-842 .
30. Dammaschke, T., A. Nowicka, M. Lipski and D. Ricucci (2019). "Histological evaluation of hard
tissue formation after direct pulp capping with a fast-setting mineral trioxide aggregate
(RetroMTA) in humans." Clinical oral investigations 23(12): 4289-4299 .
31. Dummer, P., R. Hicks and D. Huws (1980). "Clinical signs and symptoms in pulp disease."
International Endodontic Journal 13(1): 27-35 .
32. Endodontists, A. A. o. (2003). Glossary of endodontic terms, American Association of
Endodontists.
33. Galler, K. M., W. Buchalla, K.-A. Hiller, M. Federlin, A. Eidt, M. Schiefersteiner and G.
Schmalz (2015). "Influence of root canal disinfectants on growth factor release from dentin."
Journal of endodontics 41(3): 363-368.
34. Ginebra, M.-P., E. Fernandez, E. De Maeyer, R. Verbeeck, M. Boltong, J. Ginebra, F.
Driessens and J. Planell (1997). "Setting reaction and hardening of an apatitic calcium
phosphate cement." Journal of dental research 76(4): 905-912 .
35. Hench, L. L. (1991). "Bioceramics: from concept to clinic." Journal of the american ceramic
society 74(7): 1487-1510.
36. Koch, K. and D. Brave (2009). "The increased use of bioceramics in endodontics." Dentaltown
10: 39 .43-
37. Loushine, B. A., T. E. Bryan, S. W. Looney, B. M. Gillen, R. J. Loushine, R. N. Weller, D. H.
Pashley and F. R. Tay (2011). "Setting properties and cytotoxicity evaluation of a premixed
bioceramic root canal sealer." Journal of endodontics 37(5): 673 .677 -
38. Macwan, C. and A. Deshpande (2014). "Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in dentistry: A review
of literature." Journal of Oral Research and Review 6(2): 71 .
39. Mente, J., S. Hufnagel, M. Leo, A. Michel, H. Gehrig, D. Panagidis, D. Saure and T. Pfefferle
" .)2014(Treatment outcome of mineral trioxide aggregate or calcium hydroxide direct pulp
capping: long-term results." Journal of Endodontics 40(11): 1746-1751 .
40. Parirokh, M. and M. Torabinejad (2010). "Mineral trioxide aggregate: a comprehensive literature
review—part III: clinical applications, drawbacks, and mechanism of action." Journal of
endodontics 36(3): 400-413 .
41. Rajasekharan, S., L. C. Martens, R. Cauwels and R. P. Anthonappa (2018). "Biodentine™
material characteristics and clinical applications :a 3 year literature review and update." Eur Arch
Paediatr Dent 19(1): 1-22.
42. Ricucci, D., S. Loghin and J. F. Siqueira, Jr. (2014). "Correlation between clinical and histologic
pulp diagnoses." J Endod 40(12): 1932-1939 .
Journal of Hama university _vol**_No**_20 20_**العدد**_المجلد_حماه جامعة مجلة
18
43. Schmalz, G. and A. J. Smith" .)2014( Pulp development, repair, and regeneration: challenges of
the transition from traditional dentistry to biologically based therapies." J Endod 40(4 Suppl):
S2-5 .
44. Simon, S., M. Perard, M. Zanini, A. Smith, E. Charpentier, S. Djole and P. Lumley (2013).
"Should pulp chamber pulpotomy be seen as a permanent treatment? Some preliminary
thoughts." International endodontic journal 46(1): 79-87 .
45. Simon, S., M. Perard, M. Zanini, A. J. Smith, E. Charpentier, S. X. Djole and P. J. Lumley
(2013). "Should pulp chamber pulpotomy be seen as a permanent treatment? Some preliminary
thoughts." Int Endod J 46(1): 79-87 .
46. Simon, S., A. J. Smith, P. J. Lumley, P. R. Cooper and A. Berdal (2012). "The pulp healing
process: from generation to regeneration." Endodontic Topics 26 .56 -41 :)1(
47. Song, M., M. Kang, H. C. Kim and E. Kim (2015). "A randomized controlled study of the use of
ProRoot mineral trioxide aggregate and Endocem as direct pulp capping materials." J Endod
41(1): 11-15.
48. Taha, N. A. and M. A. Khazali (2017). "Partial Pulpotomy in Mature Permanent Teeth with
Clinical Signs Indicative of Irreversible Pulpitis: A Randomized Clinical Trial." J Endod 43(9):
1417-1421 .
49. Witherspoon, D. E. (2008). "Vital pulp therapy with new materials: new directions and treatment
perspectives--permanent teeth." J Endod 34(7 Suppl): S25-28 .
50. Zhang, H., Y. Shen, N. D. Ruse and M. Haapasalo (2009). "Antibacterial activity of endodontic
sealers by modified direct contact test against Enterococcus faecalis." Journal of endodontics
35(7): 1051-10.55
منشور
2024-02-18
كيفية الاقتباس
ماردينيع. ا., & الحلبية . د. (2024). دراسة سريرية شعاعية مقارنة بين استخدام الخزف الحيوي BIOCERAMIC ومادة MTA في بتر اللب في الأسنان الدائمة المصابة بالتهاب لب. مجلة جامعة حماة, 6(2). استرجع في من https://hama-univ.edu.sy/ojs/index.php/huj/article/view/1308
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